Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Although most women are diagnosed with early breast cancer, a substantial number recur due to persistent micro-metastatic disease. Systemic adjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes and has advanced from first-generation regimens to modern dose-dense combinations. Although chemotherapy is the cornerstone of adjuvant therapy, new b...

While adjuvant chemotherapy has proven benefit in stage III colon cancer, its role for stage II colon cancer remains unclear. This article reviews data regarding adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer. We will discuss factors to consider in assessing the risk of recurrence in stage II disease. We will also outline considerations regarding adjuvant therapy in older patients.

Borderline ovarian tumors have an excellent prognosis. In stage I disease, no therapy in addition to surgery is needed, and conservation of ovarian tissue for future childbearing may be appropriate. In advanced stages, the use of adjuvant therapy has not consistently led to cures, and complications have been reported. A randomized study of no adjuvant therapy versus adjuvant treatment with long...

Odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma (OGCC) is a rare and aggressive tumor wherein optimal treatment remains uncertain. We report the first pediatric metastatic OGCC case treated with multimodal therapy: surgery, adjuvant chemoradiation, and adjuvant immunotherapy. Adjuvant therapy was utilized due to locally advanced disease with pathologic features indicative of high recurrence risk. This multimo...

BACKGROUND/AIM The most common urinary bladder tumors are superficial tumors. Due to their tension to relapse and progress towards deeper layers after surgical therapy, an adequate therapy significantly contributed to the improvement of the results of urinary bladder tumors treatment. Staging and gradus of the tumor, presence of the cardnoma in situ (CIS) or relapses significantly influenced th...

BACKGROUND The standard therapy for stage I rectum cancer is surgical resection. Currently, there is no strong evidence to suggest that any type of adjuvant therapy is beneficial. The risks of local relapse and distant metastasis are higher in rectal tumors. Therefore, while there is no clearly defined absolute indication for adjuvant therapy in lymph node negative colon cancers, rectum tumors ...

A 36-year-old transgender man (assigned female at birth) on exogenous testosterone therapy was found to have stage IIA ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, and underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Diffuse androgen receptor expression in the tumor initiated a multidisciplinary discussion regarding safety of continuing as gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistula after head and neck surgery is a devasting complication that increases hospitalization time delays the initiation of oral intake postoperative adjuvant therapy. Although it commonly experienced, treatment strategy differs greatly according to size site preference surgeon, standard therapy remains be established.

BACKGROUND: Few randomized trials of preoperative and postoperative adjuvant systemic therapy have been performed in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The authors reviewed the recent literature on comparative trials and meta-analyses to determine the current status of adjuvant therapy for patients with NSCLC. RESULTS: Postoperative adjuvant therapy with cisplatin-contai...

Oncologic therapy is currently undergoing significant changes. A number of innovative targeted medications currently in clinical development have raised high expectations. With that in mind, discussions about terms such as “clinical benefit” and “clinical relevance” are highly topical. This also applies to further developments in the field of adjuvant systemic therapies for early-stage breast c...