Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 can infect the human nervous system causing meningitis and encephalitis. HSV meningitis tends to be benign, but HSF encephalitis can have a high morbidity and mortality despite treatment. We present a case of HSV meningitis leading to hydrocephalus without evidence of encephalitis. The patient had persistent hydrocephalus requiring long term CSF diversion despi...

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) serves as an important cytokine in haematopoiesis; released at both physiological and pathological conditions by a range of cells. We hypothesized that the systemic administration G-CSF would produce accelerated fracture-healing rate non-union bone defects; thus, potentially leading to useful clinical applications. Ten male adult Katjang goats, weig...

Introduction: This study was designed to investigate the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration in rats for 6 weeks after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 30) were injured with controlled cortical impact device and divided into four groups. The treatment groups (n = 10 each) were injected subcutaneously with recombinant human...

Objectives. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with a female and paediatric preponderance, postulated to be due to differences in the immune response. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the serum cytokine levels of tuberculous lymphadenitis patients with respect to age and gender. Methods. A multiplex bead-based enzyme-link...

Mice lacking granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are neutropenic with reduced hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen, whereas those lacking granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have impaired pulmonary homeostasis and increased splenic hematopoietic progenitors, but unimpaired steady-state hematopoiesis. These contrasting phenotypes establish uniqu...

We recently reported expression of hematopoietic growth factor GM-CSF and its receptor (GM-CSFR) in CNS neurons. Here we evaluated this system in learning and memory formation using GM-CSF deficient mice. In complementation, GM-CSF signalling was manipulated specifically in adult murine hippocampus by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated GM-CSFR alpha overexpression or knock-down. GM-CSF ablat...

The monamine metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (HMPG) were analysed in CSF from different regions of the CSF system to study the caudocranial concentration gradient of the metabolites. Four consecutive 10 ml fractions of CSF were withdrawn in 17 patients during the course of four minutes. Th...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in the brain's adaptive response to acute osmotic disturbances. In the present experiments, the effect of 48-h dehydration on CSF formation and absorption rates was studied in conscious adult sheep. Animals had cannulas chronically implanted into the lateral cerebral ventricles and cisterna magna to enable the ventriculocisternal perfusion. A 48...

Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer was used to obtain expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) receptor, c-fms, on hematopoietic lineages that normally do not express this receptor. Cultures of murine fetal liver cells infected with the c-fms retrovirus developed erythroid colonies in cultures stimulated with M-CSF. However, these colonies were fewer and less hemoglobinized ...

We report the results of a randomized study to elucidate whether addition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to immunosuppressive therapy is valuable for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in adults. A total of 101 previously untreated patients (median age, 54 years; range, 19 to 75 years) were randomized to receive antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporin A (CyA) (...