The introduction of topical steroids (TS) of varying potency have rendered the therapy of inflammatory cutaneous disorders more effective and less time-consuming. However the usefulness of these has become a double edged sword with constantly rising instances of abuse and misuse leading to serious local, systemic and psychological side effects. These side effects occur more with TS of higher po...

Background: Metronidazole is categorized in pharmacological group C and few researches have been conducted about its pathological effects on the human fetus. Since the embryogenesis in chicken is similar to that in human beings, in the current study, the toxic effects of this drug on embryo skin and integument tissues were assessed using a chicken embryo model. Method:...

Leflunomide (LEF), used for rheumatoid arthritis, inhibits dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and tyrosine kinase (TK) enzymes and has anti-inflammatory, lymphocyte proliferation regulatory, immunosuppression and chondroprotective effects. The most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal disorders, weight loss, hypertension, skin infection, and neurological and hematological toxicity. It...

to inform healthcare professionals of a rare serious reaction leading to leg amputation following intramuscular injection of iron dextran and report comments for preventing such reactions.a case of leg amputation following intramuscular injection of iron dextran reported to iranian pharmacovigilance center was reviewed. patient and reaction data was collected by assessing the reported yellow ca...

background: adverse drug reactions (adrs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality and contribute to excessive health care costs. detection and reporting of adrs could decrease these consequences. the present study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (kap) of pharmacy students towards adrs monitoring and reporting. methods: a questionnaire was prepared to...