S | 48 An Agency Theory of Patent Law: Linking Innovators and Invention Users Richard Gruner Professor, John Marshall Law School Chicago, IL This article presents a reinterpretation of patent laws as components of agency relationships linking innovators and innovation users. In these relationships, patent rights substitute for privately negotiated contract terms tying the interests of persons w...

In the modern advertising agency selection contest, each participating agency specifies not only its proposed creative campaign, but also the budget required to purchase the agreedupon media. The advertiser selects the agency that offers the best combination of creative quality and media cost. To participate in the contest, each agency needs to incur an upfront bidpreparation cost arising from ...