The Polish Physician's and Dentist's Profession Act and Polish Pharmaceutical Law oblige physicians to prescribing drugs strictly in line with the official indications listed in the Summaries of Product Characteristic (SPC). Prescriptions beyond SPC ('off-label') may be interpreted as 'medical experiments' with legal and financial liability resting solely with the doctor, the reimbursement is a...

An artificial stock market is established with the modeling method and ideas of cellular automata. Cells are used to represent stockholders, who have the capability of self-teaching and are affected by the investing history of the neighboring ones. The neighborhood relationship among the stockholders is the expanded Von Neumann relationship, and the interaction among them is realized through se...

Introduction: The scholarship domains based on Boyer’s definition includes discovery, teaching and learning, application, integration and engagement, but it is a main question that which criteria must a scholarship activities have? In this research, the characteristics of scholarship activities have been studied using a qualitative approach based on higher education experts’ viewpoints from fou...

The current applications of geographic information systems (GIS) applications to non-point-source pollution modeling for agricultural area are reviewed with respect to the requirements for GIS, the hydrological/water quality modeling processes, and integration between GIS and Non-Point-Source Pollution (NPSP) models. Some necessary considerations for future studies are also discussed by summari...

the purpose of this study was analyzing perception of agricultural college experts and managers of islamic azad university shoushtar branch regarding development of knowledge management. agricultural college experts and managers were considered as a statistical population (n=38). this research was conducted in june 2012 to april 2013. all individuals were investigated. after confirm the validit...

this research was carried out through a descriptive-correlation method with the purpose of analyzing the attitude of agricultural students toward group learning and the factors affecting it. the research population consisted of the agricultural students at agricultural college of the razi university (n=793) from whom a sample of 196 students were selected through bartlett's table and by ra...

The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect official views or policies of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), except as explicitly stated.

The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official views or policies of the International Fund for Agricultural Development, except as explicitly stated.

this survey research was conducted to investigate the professional facilitation competencies of agricultural extension experts. the statistical population of the study consisted of all extension practitioners working in different provincial extension departments of the ministry of jihad-e-agriculture. using cochran's formula, 232 extension practitioners were selected as sample using multi-...