In this article, perfectly matched layer (PML) for the boundary treatment and an efficient compact two dimensional finite-difference frequency-domain (2-D FDFD) method were combined to model photonic crystal fibers (PCF). For photonic crystal fibers, if we assume that the propagation constant along the propagation direction is fixed, three-dimensional hybrid guided modes can be calculated by us...

From the prospective of air quality, the dispersion of heavy metal pollutants has gain importance in recent past. The pollutants disperse from the point of release to the distant areas transporting contaminants there. Heavy metal pollutants in the form of fine particulate matter can be harmful to human health through inhalation. In this study the lateral dispersion of heavy particles is predict...

air quality is a topic of crucial importance, because air pollution is one of the most important pollution problems in the world. in particular, predicting or detecting a future extreme air pollution episode or predicting the violation of an air quality standard, is of crucial interest in the field of pollution control. there have been a variety of attempts to reach this purpose both from the p...

This study investigates the effects of compact urban development on air pollution, taking into account both the spatial distribution of pollutants resulting from an increase in inner urban densities and the dispersion of pollutants associated with an increase in outer green open spaces. The empirical analysis is based upon a panel data model covering 17 cities in Korea from 1996–2009; this appr...

Urban air pollution is associated with significant adverse health effects. Model-based abatement strategies are required and developed for the growing urban populations. In the initial development stage, these are focussed on exceedances of air quality standards caused by high short-term pollutant concentrations. Prediction of health effects and implementation of urban air quality information a...

In the paper the problem of the real-time emission control is discussed, where the air quality forecast is based on the regional-scale model of air pollution transport. The problem formulation utilizes the optimal control technique for distributed parameter systems, which is integrated with the governing equations of air pollution dispersion process. The approach presented in the paper is sulfu...

Continuous development and increase of population in the urban areas, a series of problems related to environment such as deforestation, release of toxic materials, solid waste disposals, air pollution and many more, have attracted attention much greater than ever before. The problem of air pollution in cities has become so severe that there is a need for timely information about changes in the...

The SATURN project aimed at a better understanding of urban air pollution as a prerequisite for finding effective solutions to air quality problems and for a sustainable development in the urban environment. The results of this project, which was concluded at the end of 2002, constitute a significant improvement of the state-of-the-art in the science of urban air pollution: • Field experiments ...

today, the cement industry is one of the major air polluting industries in the world. hence, in this study, owing to the importance and role of contaminants from the plant, an appraisal of the emission contributions in addition to other factors have been discussed. there are several reasons behind the importance of modeling air pollutants. first, the assessment of standards for air pollution, a...