The Likelihood Principle has been defended on Bayesian grounds, on the grounds that it coincides with and systematizes intuitive judgments about example problems, and by appeal to the fact that it generalizes what is true when hypotheses have deductive consequences about observations. Here we divide the Principle into two parts -one qualitative, the other quantitative -and evaluate each in the ...

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We find ourselves agreeing with much of what Kruse says in his reply to “Why Likelihood?”, and we appreciate his clarification on other points. Boik, on the other hand, believes there is a satisfactory Bayesian solution to the problem of model selection. He also believes that the Akaike solution is flawed. We discuss these two points in sections 2 and 3. In addition, we disagree with Boik about...

BACKGROUND Smoothing methods are widely used to analyze epidemiologic data, particularly in the area of environmental health where non-linear relationships are not uncommon. This study focused on three different smoothing methods in Cox models: penalized splines, restricted cubic splines and fractional polynomials. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the effects of prognostic facto...

Many different methods have been proposed to construct a smooth regression function, including local polynomial estimators, kernel estimators, smoothing splines and LS-SVM estimators. Each of these estimators use hyperparameters. In this paper a robust version for general cost functions based on the Akaike information criterion is proposed.

Here we experimentally demonstrated the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) effects in mechanical coupled pendulums. The analogue of EIT and ATS has been studied in mechanical systems and the intrinsic physics between these two phenomena are also been discussed. Exploiting the Akaike Information Criterion, we discern the ATS effect from EIT effect in...

In this paper, a quasi-negative binomial distribution (QNBD) derived from the class of generalized Lagrangian probability distributions is studied. The negative binomial distribution is a special case of QNBD. Some properties of QNBD, including the upper tail behavior and limiting distributions, are investigated. It is shown that the moments do not exist in some situations and the limiting dist...

Positive correlations between diversity and stability have been reported for a number of ecosystems and are thought to be caused by a stabilizing effect of differential species’ responses to environmental perturbation. Empirical field studies in which investigators tested for diversity–stability relationships are lacking for some taxonomic groups and typically have not included tests of the imp...

I briefly review some of the micro and macro theory of corruption and relate it to various socio-economic and political variables. To quantify the burden of corruption I use Harrison and Vinod's (1992) 95% confidence interval for the marginal excess burden (MEB) of taxation. In developing countries, one dollar of corruption is estimated to impose a burden of $1.67, which becomes very large when...

Many spatial processes in environmental applications, such as climate variables and climate model errors on a global scale, exhibit complex nonstationary dependence structure, in not only their marginal covariance but also their cross-covariance. Flexible crosscovariance models for processes on a global scale are critical for an accurate description of each spatial process as well as the cross-...