conclusions with growing cohort of young and middle-aged people, there is a probable risk of upsurge of ard. presently, there are dilemmas over the diagnosis of independent ard. thus, there is a need to develop evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management of ard through further systematic studies. results the prolonged and excessive use of alcohol may lead to structural and functional...

alcohol use poses a variety of health complications. because alcohol consumption in the days prior to surgery can induce lower blood pressure, the anesthesiologist will need to monitor blood pressure very closely during surgery to prevent hypotension. before surgery, it is important for anesthesiologist to be aware about the amount and timing of recent alcohol consumption. less anesthesia shoul...

AIMS To examine the link between hazardous drinking and level of sport participation in New Zealand. METHODS Sports science and general university students (n = 427) completed a sporting profile questionnaire that included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS Elite sportspeople (both provincial and international/country level) reported higher rates of hazardous dri...

There are many facets of the neurobiology of substance use that are distinct in adolescence as compared with adulthood. The adolescent brain is subject to intense subcortical reward processes, but is left with an immature prefrontal control system that is often unable to resist the pull of potentially exciting activities like substance use, even when fully aware of the dangers involved. Peer in...

In theory, there is nothing so practical as a good theory. When it comes to substance use (su) there is no shortage of theories (Flay, Petraitis, & Miller, 1995). In fact, Lettieri, Sayers, and Pearson (1980) reviewed 43 different theories of su 20 years ago, and the list has grown measurably since then. Unfortunately, there is a gap between su theories and su prevention. Years of work developi...

OBJECTIVES To implement an identification and brief advice (IBA) intervention to detect low-risk/hazardous alcohol consumption. DESIGN Implementation was guided through the use of quality improvement tools and training. SETTING This study was conducted over an 18-month period from April 2010 to September 2011 on a 42-bed acute medical unit at a central London acute hospital. PARTICIPANTS ...

Background In the majority of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), the clinical course is characterized by multiple relapses to drinking, frequently preceded by intense craving for alcohol. The present pilot study aimed to assess the effects of a repetitive imaginary cue-exposure protocol in reducing craving in recently abstinent alcohol-dependent patients. Methods Sixty-four patients we...

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of individualism, collectivism, and hopelessness on substance use. Hopelessness was hypothesized as a mediator between individualism and substance use, and between collectivism and substance use. We tested the hypothesis using a survey of 641 young rural-to-urban migrants in China. Consistent with our hypotheses, individualistic orientation pred...