The acid/alkali pretreatment of windmill palm fiber (WPF) and the application high voltage electrostatic force (HVEF) technology were used to prepare WPF-reinforced laminated veneer lumber (LVL). effects on surface morphology, chemical composition, crystallinity mechanical properties WPF investigated. Moreover, intensity HVEF composition wettability analyzed. Based experiment reinforced LVL com...

Different agricultural residues were considered in this study for their ability to support cellulolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus niger. A total of eleven agricultural residues including finger millet hulls, sorghum hulls, soybean hulls, groundnut husk, banana peels, corn stalk, cassava peels, sugarcane bagasse, saw dust, rice straw and sheanut cake were subjected to three pretreatment (...

Energy flows from many sources, exists in a variety of interchangeable forms, and drives all systems. New and renewable sources of energy can make significant contribution, but their role and potential in the short term should not be overstated. It has been estimated that new and renewable sources of energy at present meet only 5-10 per cent of global energy-requirements, which may hopefully go...

This study was aimed for the investigation of effect pretreatment procedure alkaline, based on chemical arrangement, surface morphology, structural composition and enzymatic assimilation sugarcane bagasse sugars ethanol production. Alkali (0 to 8% w/v NaOH) assists reduce lignin portion (from 19.57±0.03% 9.91±0.02%) increase cellulose content treated SB 34.66±0.05% 63.58±0.05%) simultaneously. ...

BACKGROUND The biorefinery based on an effective and economical process is to fractionate the three primary constituents (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) from lignocellulosic biomass, in which the constituents can be respectively converted into high-value-added products. In this study, a successive treatment with dilute acid (0.25-1.0 % aqueous H2SO4, 100-150 °C, 0.5-3.0 h) and alkali (1...

ABSTRACT Archaeological dung pellets are time capsules of ancient herbivore diets and gut flora, informing on past agropastoral activity, ecology, animal health. Improving multi-proxy approaches is key to maximizing this finite archaeological resource. Through experiments with standard pretreatments used in radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating, we address a fundamental problem maximal analysis: How chron...

In this study anaerobic digestion of selected lignocellulosic substrate, namely brewery spent grain (BSG), was studied. In order to facilitate anaerobic digestion several types of pretreatment methods were tested such as: mechanical, chemical (alkali and acid) and thermo-chemical. The anaerobic digestion experiments were carried out in a semi-continuous stirred bioreactors with the organic load...

Fresh-harvested, air-dried rice straw was pretreated at a water content of 5 g H(2)O/g straw using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and compared to pretreatment at 10 g H(2)O/g straw by hydrated lime (Ca(OH)(2)). Full factorial experiments including parallel wash-only treatments were completed with both sources of alkali. The experiments were designed to measure the effects of alkaline loading and pretr...

BACKGROUND Sweet sorghum is regarded as a very promising energy crop for ethanol production because it not only supplies grain and sugar, but also offers lignocellulosic resource. Cost-competitive ethanol production requires bioconversion of all carbohydrates in stalks including of both sucrose and lignocellulose hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. However, it is still a main challenge to reduc...

The core objective of this analysis is to implement a combination alkaline (NaOH) and sonication pretreatment techniques produce energy-efficient biohydrogen from the marine macroalgae Chaetomorpha antennina. Anaerobic fermentation was implemented in control, sonic solubilization (SS) alkali (SAS) for 15 days. In production 40 mL H2/gCOD obtained. sonicator intensities varied 10% 90% period 1 h...