Reproductive allocation is critically important for population maintenance and usually varies with not only environmental factors but also biotic ones. As a typical rhizome clonal plant in China's northern grasslands, Leymus chinensis usually dominates the steppe communities and grows in clonal patches. In order to clarify the sexual reproductive allocation of L. chinensis in the process of the...

The scaling relationship between the size of an appendage or organ and that of the body as a whole is tightly regulated during animal development. If a structure grows at a different rate than the rest of the body, this process is termed allometric growth. The zebrafish another longfin (alf) mutant shows allometric growth resulting in proportionally enlarged fins and barbels. We took advantage ...

Fractal growth is a kind of allometric growth, and the allometric scaling exponents can be employed to describe growing fractal phenomena such as cities. The spatial features of the regular fractals can be characterized by fractal dimension. However, for the real systems with statistical fractality, it is incomplete to measure the structure of scaling invariance only by fractal dimension. Somet...

Some biological characteristics of broodstock and juvenile kutum, Rutilus kutum. were investigated using data collected from the estuaries of Tajen and Shirood Rivers (TR and SR) (southern Caspian Sea basin) as well as from the Caspian Sea in 2012. The results showed higher condition factors (CF) in the male broodstocks kutum than those estimated in the female broodstock of both TR and SR. The ...

Growth patterns of fish result from their energy allocation strategy, life stages and the environmental conditions in which they reside. Temperature, for example, can potentially drive size-dependent metabolic rates, then influence physiological functions such as food consumption leading to growth variation (Barneche & Allen, 2018; Madenjian et al., 2018). Previous studies suggest that common t...