Development of laser driven high-brightness fast x-ray sources is a key application of the PHELIX laser for experiments in combination with the heavy ion accelerator. X-ray diagnostics of high-energy density states of matter produced with intense heavy ion beams from GSI or FAIR will require multi-keV x-ray energies to penetrate the dense plasma [1]. Recent development of backlighter sources at...

To investigate the role of active galactic nucleus (AGN) X-ray irradiation on interstellar medium (ISM), we systematically analyzed Chandra and ALMA CO($J$=2-1) data for 26 ultra-hard ($>$ 10 keV) selected AGNs at redshifts below 0.05. While unveils distribution X-ray-irradiated gas via Fe-K$\alpha$ emission, observations reveal that cold molecular gas. At high resolutions $\lesssim$ 1 arcsec, ...

Previous research has demonstrated that adding a very small gamma-ray dose to a small alpha radiation dose can completely suppress lung cancer induction by alpha radiation (a gamma-ray hormetic effect). Here we investigated the possibility of gamma-ray hormesis during low-dose neutron irradiation, since a small contribution to the total radiation dose from neutrons involves gamma rays. Using bi...

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) are transducers in many cellular transmembrane signaling systems where regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) act as attenuators of the G-protein signal cascade by binding to the Galpha subunit of G-proteins (G(i)(alpha)(1)) and increasing the rate of GTP hydrolysis. The high-resolution solution structure of free RGS4 has been det...

Recent high-resolution x-ray investigations of the smectic- A (SmA) phase near the nematic-to-SmA transition provide information about the critical behavior of the linear thermal expansion coefficient alpha// parallel to the director. Combining such data with available volume thermal expansion alpha(V) data yields the in-plane linear expansion coefficient alpha(perpendicular) . The critical beh...

For 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[(2S,4S)-1-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrrolid inyl]benzamide (TKS159), two polymorphs, forms alpha and beta, were prepared and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffractometry, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, both in the solution and solid phases. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis gave different patterns for forms alpha a...

BACKGROUND Interferon (IFN) potentiates cytotoxicity by X-ray irradiation. To elucidate the mechanism of this potentiation, the biological markers related to DNA damage and cell survival were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS IFN-alpha-sensitive Daudi and its resistant cells were used. Survival after treatment was assessed by clonogenic assays. DNA breaks were studied by pulse-field gel electrop...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumours are now considered as complex tissues including endothelial cells of the tumour vasculature, which can decrease radiotherapy efficacy. It is thus important to better characterise the response of both types of cells to irradiation. This study investigated the effects of X-ray and alpha particle irradiation on cancer and endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A5...

The beta-amyloid peptide (A beta), the major component of the senile plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients, is derived from proteolytic processing of a transmembrane glycoprotein known as the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Human APP exists in various isoforms, of which the major ones contain 695, 751, and 770 amino acids. Proteolytic cleavage of APP by alpha- or beta-sec...