Electrocoagulation uses an aluminum electrode toreduce lead in water through a chemical reaction. The previous study employed voltage of 20 volts, current 10 amperes, and contact time 60 minutes to reduce lead. This follow-up is still being conducted on laboratory scale order determine the ideal distance. study's goal was examine influence spacing 15 cm, 17.5 cm decrease at volts period minutes...

This study investigated the performance of electrocoagulation using iron and aluminum electrodes for removing silica, calcium and magnesium from cooling tower blowdown and reverse osmosis reject waters. Experiments were conducted at both the bench and pilot scales to determine the levels of target species removal as a function of the coagulant dose. At the bench scale, aluminum removed the targ...

Two ultra-thin TiO(2) films with platinum electrodes were prepared on a porous anodic aluminium oxide thick layer and a ceramic plate, respectively. It was found that in both TiO(2) films the conductance was almost proportional to the fourth root of the H(2) concentration in N(2) ambient at 500 °C. A quantitative model based on the spill-over mechanism is established to describe this novel corr...

Spin filtering happens due to the discriminative tunneling probabilities for spin-up and spin-down electrons through a magnetic barrier and can result in highly spin polarized tunnel currents. Combining two such barriers in a tunnel junction thus leads to large magnetoresistance without the necessity of magnetic electrodes. We demonstrate the realization of such unconventional tunnel junctions ...