Melatonin plays a neuroprotective role in models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotection by melatonin are not well understood. Apoptotic cell death in the central nervous system is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and the antiapoptotic survival signal pathways play critical roles in neurod...

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a newly found cytokine of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family. It's mainly expressed by epithelial and endothelial cells. This expression is upregulated by pro-inflammatory stimulation, thus has an important role in inflammatory responses, such as hypersensitive diseases (asthma), autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular diseases (heart failure) and neuro...

The occurrence of altered brain glucose metabolism has long been suggested in both diabetes and Alzheimer’s diseases. However, the preceding mechanism to altered glucose metabolism has not been well understood. Glucose enters the brain via glucose transporters primarily present at the blood-brain barrier. Any changes in glucose transporter function and expression dramatically affects brai...

The world’s population is aging, life expectancy increasing in the past century as result of improvements healthcare and people arrive to live longer healthier. However, this has also resulted increase number with age-related diseases like most dementia etiologies (fundamentally Alzheimer Vascular dementia). growth next 20 years will be exponential around world but even more those countries Low...

The population of the United States is aging, and an ever-increasing number of Americans are afflicted with neurodegenerative diseases. Because the pathogenesis of many of these diseases remains unknown, we must consider that environmental factors may play a causal role. This review provides an overview of the epidemiologic evidence for environmental etiologies for neurodegenerative diseases su...

the prevalence of obesity as one of the most health concerns has increased globally. this kind of disease has been accounted for several diseases such as type 2 diabetes, different types of cancer, heart disease, and alzheimer. obesity is a multifactorial disease that both environmental factors and genetics play important role in its susceptibly. in molecular biology, characterization of the ad...

aluminum is present in very small amounts in living organisms but abundant in the environment. a growing literature links with the biochemistry of aluminum and also with a series of diseases in chronic renal failure patients on treatment with hemodialysis. the initial description of potential aluminum toxicity in renal failure patients relates to description of dialysis encephalopathy syndrome ...