The present note aims to describe two alternative methods for observing genitalia in Lepidoptera. The first one provides means to examine both male and female genitalia without spoiling the scales of the abdomen, preserving it attached to the thorax and aesthetically similar to an unexamined specimen. The second one provides ways of observing certain characters on the male genitalia in a non-de...

The external and internal genitalia of Lepidoptera have long provided a wealth of taxonomic and phylogenetic characters. However, traditional genitalia preparation techniques destroy both DNA, which is increasingly being used in Lepidoptera phylogenetics and species discrimination, and the scale pattern of the abdomen. In this paper, we describe a procedure for extracting both DNA for sequence ...

The cixiid planthoppers genus Neocarpia Tsaur & Hsu, 2003 is reviewed. Two new species, N. acutata Zhi & Chen, sp. n. and N. reversa Zhi & Chen, sp. n., are described and illustrated from the southwest of China (Yunnan) to give the genus seven species in total. Female genitalia of four Chinese species are described and illustrated for the first time. A key to all known species of Neocarpia base...

~i%xt understanding and high quality machine translation often necessitate the disambiguation of ambigous structures or lexical elements. Drawing inferences from the context can be a means for resolving semantic ambiguities. However, often, this is an ex-. pensive s trategy that, in addition, not always comes up with a clear preference for one of the alternatives. In this paper, we argue that i...