In the summer of 1997, larvae of the oriental beetle, Blitopertha orientalis, with milky disease were collected from a turf field in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Characteristic footprint-shaped sporangia containing a spore and a parasporal body were isolated from the larval hemolymph. Examination of the bacteriological characteristics of this strain revealed that it was unable to grow in 2% NaCl, w...

The American foulbrood disease is widely distributed all over the world and causes a serious problem for the honeybee industry. Different infected larvae were collected from different apiaries, ground in phosphate saline buffer (PSB) and bacterial isolation was carried out on nutrient agar medium. Different colonies were observed and were characterized biologically. Two bacterial isolates (SH11...

American Foulbrood, caused by Paenibacillus larvae, is the most severe bacterial disease of honey bees (Apis mellifera). To perform genotyping of P. larvae in an epidemiological context, there is a need of a fast and cheap method with a high resolution. Here, we propose Multiple Locus Variable number of tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA). MLVA has been used for typing a collection of 209 P. larvae s...

This study presents the possibility of killing almost all microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spore forms, and viruses by sterilization process. European foulbrood (EFB) American (AFB) is a highly infectious bacterial honeybee disease caused Melissococcus plutonius Paenibacillus larvae, respectively. Removal spores from contaminated beehives critical factor in controlling EFB AFB. The purpo...

This study was conducted to compare different liquid culture media for Paenibacillus larvae growth in order to find the best one to be used in studies on activity of antimicrobial substances, such as essential oils. P. larvae presented poor growth in usual broths such as Mueller-Hinton, commonly employed in antimicrobial activity assays. Growth in liquid media was evaluated using Paenibacillus ...

An experiment was conducted to observe growth performance and survival of the larvae produced from the brood fish of Ompok pabda treated with 4 dietary levels of vitamin E for 90 days viz. 0 (served as control), 50, 100 and 150mg vitamin E/kg feed under 4 treatments i.e. treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4. After the feeding trials, the brood fish were induced to breed with equal dose of PG extract i.e...

Betanodavirus is the pathogen of viral nervous necrosis (VNN) disease that has caused mass mortality among many species of marine fish at larval stage. In this study, the efficacy of inactivated betanodavirus was evaluated by bath-immunization and bath-challenge of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) at early larval stage. Two kinds of chemicals were used for inactivation of the virus...

BACKGROUND In honey bee colony, the brood is able to manipulate and chemically control the workers in order to sustain their own development. A brood ester pheromone produced primarily by old larvae (4 and 5 days old larvae) was first identified as acting as a contact pheromone with specific effects on nurses in the colony. More recently a new volatile brood pheromone has been identified: E-β-o...