background:  the aim of the study was to compare the radioprotective efficacy in the kidney of l-carnitine to that of amifostine. materials and methods: thirty three-month-old wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group 1 (control); group 2 (irradiation alone); group 3 (amifostine plus irradiation); and group 4 (l-carnitine before irradiation). the rats in groups 2, 3, and 4...

Clinical trials indicate that amifostine may confer protection on various normal tissues without attenuating anti-tumor response. When administered prior to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, it may provide a broad spectrum of cytoprotection including against alkylating drugs. The mechanism of protection resides in the metabolism at normal tissue site by membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase. Toxicity...

Cyclophosphamide (CYP), a commonly prescribed chemotherapy drug, has multiple adverse side effects including alteration of taste. The effects on taste are a cause of concern for patients as changes in taste are often associated with loss of appetite, malnutrition, poor recovery and reduced quality of life. Amifostine is a cytoprotective agent that was previously shown to be effective in prevent...

BACKGROUND The present study was performed to determine the effect of amifostine in the prevention of radiation-induced acute and late period morphologic damages in rat kidney via light and electron microscopic examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Control rats (n=6) received saline solution 30 min before sham irradiation; the radiotherapy alone group (n=12) received saline solution 30 min befo...

Despite an encouraging outcome of antioxidant therapy in animal models of acute lung injury, effective antioxidant agents for clinical application remain to be developed. The present study investigated the effect of pre-treatment with amifostine, a thiol antioxidant compound, on lung endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by Gram-negative bacteria wall-lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Endothelial per...

INTRODUCTION The i.v. administration of the cytoprotective agent amifostine is associated with reversible clinical hypotension, protracted emesis, and malaise in a various percentage of patients. We evaluated, prospectively, whether the s.c. route is a better tolerated alternative to the i.v. route in patients receiving chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-nine patients treated with "once...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the individual and the synergetic radioprotective effect of lidocaine, amifostine, and pilocarpin on the parotid gland. Forty-nine rabbits were randomized into seven groups (n = 7)--control, irradiated sham-treated, irradiated/lidocaine-pretreated, irradiated/amifostine-pretreated, irradiated/pilocarpin-pretreated, irradiated/lidocaine + pilocarpin-pretreat...

PURPOSE To determine the role of amifostine as a protectant against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in patients with average-risk (AR) medulloblastoma treated with craniospinal radiotherapy and four cycles of cisplatin-based, dose-intense chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue. PATIENTS AND METHODS The primary objective was to determine whether, in patients with AR medulloblastoma (n = 62), amifosti...

Amifostine reduces nephrotoxicity and myelotoxicity of alkylating agents. Little is known about its role in preventing cardiotoxicity. We studied if amifostine could affect the hemodynamic parameters in doxorubicin-pretreated rabbits. The animals were divided into six groups consisting of 6 rabbits each. Group 1--doxorubicin iv 2 mg/kg of body weight 4 times every 14 days (cumulative dose 8 mg/...

Amifostine is added to chemoradiation regimens in the treatment of many cancers on the basis that, by reducing the metabolic rate, it protects normal cells from toxic effects of therapy. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the metabolic rate (by gas exchange) over 255 min in 6 healthy subjects, at two doses (500 mg and 1000 mg) of amifostine infused over 15 min at the start of the protocol. ...