By the end of the nineteenth century, ammonia had been identified as the main factor responsible for hepatic encephalopathy syndrome. Ammonia is one of the principal products of hepatic metabolism and high concentrations are toxic to the body. Under physiological conditions, the main way by which the body restricts the blood concentration of ammonia to a nontoxic level is by converting it to ur...

Ammonia is a biologically potent molecule, and the regulation of ammonia levels in the mammalian body is, therefore, strictly controlled. The molecular paths of ammonia permeation across plasma membranes remain ill-defined, but the structural similarity of water and NH3 has pointed to the aquaporins as putative NH3-permeable pores. Accordingly, a range of aquaporins from mammals, plants, fungi,...

Since the ammonia undergoes a 3-electron change, 1 mole is equal to 3 equivalents of the generated titrant. Recently we (lescril)ed an improved cud-point (letection for this system and applied it to titration of as little as 1.4 g. ammonia (2). This method has been extended to titration of ammonia formed by the action of urease on urea in blood and urine. In urine samples, ammonia may be titrat...

the reduction capacity of ammonia while present even at ppm level can be demonstrated by the increased encounter probability between ammonia and methylene blue dye (mb+) incorporated in nanomordenite and na-mor zeolites. the rate of reduction methylene blue dye by ammonia on the surface nanomordenite zeolite is faster than na-mordenite (na-mor) zeolite.because nanomordenite zeolite with high si...

Ammonia can be applied to any type and size of refrigeration system from domestic refrigeration to commercial refrigeration and air-conditioning to industrial refrigeration. However, it is desirable to minimize the charge to prevent toxic effects and, sometimes to use secondary refrigerants, such as volatile carbon dioxide, to keep ammonia away from the general public. This article describes a ...

for the conversion of dinitrogen into ammonia, by demonstrating that ammonia is directly obtained from the nitrido species. The reactivity of the transitionmetal–nitrido complexes described in their papers shows a real advance towards developing a ‘post-Haber–Bosch process’: a synthetic method for the catalytic formation of ammonia from molecular dinitrogen under mild reaction conditions. These...

The mechanisms of ammonia excretion at fish gills have been studied for decades but details remain unclear, with continuing debate on the relative importance of non-ionic NH(3) or ionic NH(4)(+) permeation by various mechanisms. The presence of an apical Na(+)/NH(4)(+) exchanger has also been controversial. The present study utilized an in vitro cultured gill epithelium (double seeded insert, D...

Protein-free filtrates of blood treated with trichioracetic acid were divided into two or three parts. The ammonia concentration of one of these was determined immediately by the ninhydrin method described by Nathan and Rodkey (1). The others were kept frozen for periods of 1-8 days and then thawed and analyzed. The blood ammonia concentrations calculated from these filtrate values were compare...

Concentrated animal feeding operations are major sources of ammonia to the atmosphere. Control methods to reduce emissions include acidifying amendments, urease inhibitors, and absorbents. For beef cattle, decreasing crude protein (CP) in diets may be the most practical and cost-effective method to reduce ammonia emissions. Our objective was to quantify the effect of reducing CP in beef cattle ...

In this study performance characteristics of ammonia engines using direct injection strategies are investigated. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel, and thus its combustion does not produce carbon dioxide, a critical greenhouse gas. Ammonia can be produced by using renewable energy sources (e.g., wind and solar) and used as an energy carrier. Recent research also has shown that the efficiency of sol...