One of the most striking examples transport networks are trail systems formed and used by several species ants. Ants forage to find food from a central nest, building network trails radiating out nearby sources bring it back colony. During entire tenure survey 11 ant encountered in various locations study sites. All along, there is physical contact between outgoing incoming traffics. The way ge...

BACKGROUND Macelognathus vagans Marsh, 1884 from the Late Jurassic Morrison Fm. of Wyoming was originally described as a dinosaur by Marsh and in 1971 Ostrom suggested crocodilian affinities. In 2005, Göhlich and collaborators identified new material of this species from Colorado as a basal crocodylomorph. However, a partial skull found in association with mandibular and postcranial remains was...

Accurate species delimitation is fundamental to biology. Traditionally, species were delimited based on morphological characters, sometimes leading to taxonomic uncertainty in morphologically conserved taxa. Recently, multiple taxonomically challenging cases have benefited from integrative taxonomy-an approach that highlights congruence among different disciplines and invokes evolutionary expla...

THIS IS AMEMBER of the Culex pipiensseries of Edwards (1932:208) and of a rather welldefined subgroup of that series which may be termed the Culex trifilatlts subgroup. The species included in this subgro up share with Culex pipiens the strongly bent ventral arm of the male phallosome (Fig . 1v.a.) but differ from it in the more stron gly developed outer division of the dorsal arm, which is her...

The unique nomadic life-history pattern of army ants (army ant adaptive syndrome), including obligate colony fission and strongly male-biased sex-ratios, makes army ants prone to heavily reduced effective population sizes (Ne). Excessive multiple mating by queens (polyandry) has been suggested to compensate these negative effects by increasing genetic variance in colonies and populations. Howev...

Abstract The composition and quantity of insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) can be species-specific as well sexually dimorphic within species. CHC analysis has been previously used for identification ageing purposes several orders including true flies (Diptera). Here, we analysed the chemical profiles adult males females eleven species flesh belonging to genus Sarcophaga Meigen (Sarcophagidae...