I read your article with interest. However, a sentence under the subheading ‘Cardiopulmonary exercise testing’ in the methods section (‘Two key measurements can be determined from these data, [oxygen uptake at peak exercise and anaerobic threshold], indicating the point at which anaerobic metabolism is inadequate to maintain high energy phosphate production [...]’) does not coincide with the pr...

BACKGROUND Since hypohydration commonly occurs in sports, studies on anaerobic exercise performance under this condition have been extensively carried out. When describing anaerobic performance, authors usually refer to a drop in anaerobic performance as fatigue index (FI) which is conventionally calculated using peak and low power data points. Meanwhile, another possible method in explaining a...

The high-energy demand during high-intensity exercise (HIE) necessitates that anaerobic processes cover an extensive part of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) requirement. Anaerobic energy release results in depletion of phosphocreatine (PCr) and accumulation of lactic acid, which set an upper limit of anaerobic ATP production and thus HIE performance. This report focuses on the effects of train...

Background: Exercise increases the need for oxygen to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. If the high energy demand during exercise is not balanced by sufficient oxygen supply, hypoxia occurs in skeletal muscle tissue leading to upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The activity of HIF-1α increases the expression of various genes in order to reduce the metabolic depe...

BACKGROUND High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has allowed in detection of airway wall abnormalities and emphysema, whose extent may correlate with the clinical severity of the disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Six minute walk test (6MWT) and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) can determine functional status. METHODS A study was undertaken to inve...

We have recently demonstrated that exercise training can induce important hemodynamic and metabolic adaptations in patients with chronic heart failure due to severe left ventricular dysfunction. This study examines the accompanying changes in submaximal exercise performance and the ventilatory response to exercise in these patients. Before and after 16-24 weeks of exercise training, subjects un...

In patients with chronic heart failure whose cardiac output response to exercise is impaired, determination of anaerobic threshold may provide a useful and objective approach to grade the severity of heart failure. In such patients performing upright treadmill exercise to exhaustion, this study examined the reproducibility of the response of cardiac output and mixed venous lactate concentration...