Preoperative recognition of the Onodi cell is necessary to avoid injury to closely associated structures, including the internal carotid artery and the optic nerve. This article describes the central Onodi cell, a variation in which a posterior ethmoid cell lies superior to the sphenoid sinus in a midline position with at least one optic canal bulge. To our knowledge, this anatomic variation ha...

Customary dissection in the Physical Therapy Anatomy Laboratory yielded a unilateral right-sided iliopsoas variation in a single cadaver. The embalmed specimen was a 91-year-old Caucasian female. The variation included an unusual arrangement of the iliacus muscle attached to the psoas major muscle with a resultant alteration in the course of the femoral nerve. Although iliacus and psoas muscle ...

Pediatric patients present unique anatomic challenges for catheter ablation. Small patient size requires special adaptation and understanding to perform safe procedures when clinically indicated. The anatomic variations of congenital heart disease also create problems that require pre-procedural preparation for each case in addition to a specialized understanding of a vast anatomic variation an...

Fibroblasts are ubiquitous mesenchymal cells with many vital functions during development, tissue repair, and disease. Fibroblasts from different anatomic sites have distinct and characteristic gene expression patterns, but the principles that govern their molecular specialization are poorly understood. Spatial organization of cellular differentiation may be achieved by unique specification of ...

An aberrant right posterior hepatic duct is present in 4.8-8.4% of the population. It is one of the causes of bile duct injury during laparascopic cholecystectomy. Herein we present a patient with complete transection of the common hepatic duct during laparascopic cholecystectomy (Stewart-Way class 3). Interestingly, the patient had an intact aberrant right posterior duct draining into the comm...

In recent years, with the widespread use of imaging techniques such as paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT), many variations of nasal turbinates have been described. One of these variations known as concha bullosa (CB) is pneumatization of nasal turbinates. CB is the most frequently encountered anatomical variations of the middle turbinate. The term of septated concha bullosa has been descr...

The arteries supplying the upperlimb exhibit lots of variations. The present study was conducted on 102 upper limbs of 51 Nepalese bodies ( 30 males and 21 females). The objective was to find out the variations, if any in prevailing branching pattern of arteries in upper limb of Nepalese population. Arterial variation at axillary, arm, forearm and palmar level had been noted. Various types of v...

A thorough knowledge of root canal anatomy and its variation is necessary for successful completion of root canal procedures. Morphological variations such as additional root canals in human deciduous dentition are rare. A mandibular second primary molar with more than four canals is an interesting example of anatomic variations, especially when three of these canals are located in the distal r...

a 56-year-old man with a two year history of chronic stable angina underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg) due to angiographic report of three vessel disease and tight stenosis at proximal part of left anterior descending artery (lad). while harvesting of radial artery (ra), the distal half of radial artery was found to bifurcate to two parallel branches with equal size. we us...

PURPOSE To examine the variation in the anatomy of parotid glands discerned by magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Head and neck magnetic resonance scans of 16 patients (representing 32 glands) whose studies consisted of 5 mm contiguous sections were selected at random. The T1 weighted scans were thresholded and outlined to only encompass the parotid tissue. A volumetric analysis program (ISG...