background: different investigation showed that 5-methoxypsoralen and 8- methoxypsoralen reduce birth rates in the rats. objective: in this study we worked out the effect of methoxsalen together with ultraviolent a (uva) radiation on mature balb/c mice spermatogenesis. materials and methods: the ld50 standard was determined 160 mg/kg and the uva dose which causes erythema was calculated 0.046 j...

Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is a rare condition, as the thyroid gland is relatively resistant to infection. Thyroid function tests are usually normal in AST. A few cases of AST associated with thyrotoxicosis have been reported in adults. We report a case of AST that was associated with thyrotoxicosis in a 70-year-old woman. We diagnosed AST with thyroid ultrasonography and fine needle a...

Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a serious complication in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. The anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is variable. Non-recurrent nerve is a very rare variation of the inferior laryngeal nerve. Because of the anatomical variations of the nerve, preservation of the nerve is the optimal strategy during surgery. In this case report, we present a non-recu...

Congenital abnormalities of the spleen are not uncommon. Commonest abnormality is the occurrence of accessory spleens (splenunculi). However the presence of a second spleen is very rare. While the size and shape of an accessory spleen can vary markedly, a second spleen is almost identical to the normal spleen morphologically. Torsion in a second spleen is a rare clinical entity and its diagnosi...

INTRODUCTION Inflammatory fibroid polyp is a rare condition of the gastrointestinal tract which can lead to intestinal obstruction. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a 65-year-old woman presenting with a 1-month history of intermittent generalised abdominal pain. Computerised tomography imaging demonstrated intussusception of the small bowel. Histology of the resected small bowel reveale...

A retrospective survey was made of 305 patients with proved urinary calculi. When those patients with a solitary stone were compared with those with multiple stones no diagnostically helpful difference was noted in the prevalence of abnormal serum or urine biochemistry, urinary infection, or anatomical abnormality of the urinary tract. The same was true of the stone composition and the need for...

Introduction Annular pancreas (from the Latin annularis, meaning ring-shaped) is a rare congenital disorder of the pancreas first recognised by Tiedeman in 1818. This abnormality, although at times clinically silent, may be the cause of a broad spectrum of disease. Complications range from neonatal intestinal obstruction to more complex pathologies in the adult. In cases of neonatal obstruction...

Snapping phenomena result from the sudden impingement between anatomical and/or heterotopical structures with subsequent abrupt movement and noise. Snaps are variously perceived by patients, from mild discomfort to significant pain requiring surgical management. Identifying the precise cause of snaps may be challenging when no abnormality is encountered on routinely performed static examination...

We report a case of double-layered lateral meniscus, where an accessory proximal hemimeniscus was overlying the body and posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. It lay 1-2 mm proximal and parallel to the normal lateral meniscus with its periphery attached to the capsule and was significantly thinner and more mobile than its underlying counterpart. The accessory hemimeniscus was resected arthros...