Fully automatic localization of anatomical structures in 2D and 3D radiological data sets is important in both computer aided diagnosis, and the rapid automatic processing of large amounts of data. We present a simple, accurate and fast approach with low computational complexity to find anatomical landmarks, based on a multi-scale regression codebook of informative image patches and encoded lan...

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy has become widespread as a treatment for early gastric cancer in eastern Asia, but a standard method for setting the stomach transection line has not been established. Here we report a novel method of setting this line based on anatomical landmarks. At the start of the operation, two anatomical landmarks along the greater curvature of the stomach were marked with...

In this study, the neuroanatomy of the swine lumbar spinal cord, particularly the spatial orientation of dorsal roots was correlated to the anatomical landmarks of the lumbar spine and to the magnitude of motor evoked potentials during epidural electrical stimulation (EES). We found that the proximity of the stimulating electrode to the dorsal roots entry zone across spinal segments was a criti...

PURPOSE This study was performed to evaluate the reliability of the identification of anatomical landmarks in panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs on a standard medical grade picture archiving communication system (PACS) monitor and a tablet computer (iPad 5). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1000 radiographs, including 500 panoramic and 500 lateral cephalometric radiographs, were ...

Background The Auditory tube (AT) extends from the anterior wall of the middle ear to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, approximately at the level of the inferior nasal concha. The pharyngeal orifice of AT being an important landmark for endoscopic avaliation in patients with chronic otitis and also for the transnasal approach to the infratemporal fossa, the present study was undertaken to l...

Soft tissue artifact is known to be one of the main sources of errors in motion analysis by means of stereophotogrammetry. Among many approaches to reduce such errors, one is to estimate the position of anatomical landmarks during a motion with joint angle or displacement of skin markers, which is the so-called compensation method of anatomical landmarks. The position of anatomical landmarks wa...

The purpose of this study was to identify the anatomic structures of the abdominal region of cat throughcomputed tomography (CT) to be used by veterinary radiologists, clinicians and surgeons. The abdominalregion of four cats were scanned twice, with and without using contrast medium in a same position, usinghigh-resolution imaging protocol. Slice intervals were 11 mm and were adjusted so that ...

BACKGROUND Manual annotation of landmarks is a known source of variance, which exist in all fields of medical imaging, influencing the accuracy and interpretation of the results. However, the variability of human facial landmarks is only sparsely addressed in the current literature as opposed to e.g. the research fields of orthodontics and cephalometrics. We present a full facial 3D annotation ...

INTRODUCTION External ears, one of the major face components, show an interesting movement during craniofacial morphogenesis in human embryo. The present study was performed to see if movement of the external ears in a human embryo could be explained by differential growth. METHODS In all, 171 samples between Carnegie stage (CS) 17 and CS 23 were selected from MR image datasets of human embry...

Anatomical landmarks are defined as biologically meaningful loci that can be unambiguously defined and repeatedly located with a high degree of accuracy and precision. The neurocranial surface is characteristically void of such loci. We define a new class of landmarks, termed fuzzy landmarks, that will allow us to represent the form of the neurocranium. A fuzzy landmark represents the position ...