Alchemy traces its roots back to the Egyptian civilisation where it emerged as a practising art and science and an expression of the Egyptian religion. Thus it was that the Egyptian Thoth, the god of mathematics and science, became the inspirational source for the Hellenistic figure of Hermes Trismegistus, who in turn became the model for the medieval Mercurius. The Greeks learned their Alchemy...

The worn-out phrase, “Already the ancient Greeks...,” involves attitudes and views that make an Assyriologist stir uneasily. Its basic message is that Western culture was born in ancient Greece. The little word “already” betrays, on the one hand, admiration of the achievements of the Greeks, and on the other hand disparagement of previous cultures, as if nothing worth mentioning had been accomp...

In the ophthalmological treatises of the medieval Arabo-Islamic physicians such as al-Mawsili (9th-10th century), al-Kahhal (ca. 940-1010), Haly Abbas (10th century) and al Sadili (14th century) we may find references about ocular cancer, focusing on eyelid tumors and cancerous ulcers of the cornea. These references are similar to the analogous ones of ancient Greek physicians as these are pres...

All ancient nations hinged their beliefs about hema (blood) on their religious dogmas as related to mythology or the origins of religion. The Hellenes (Greeks) especially have always known hema as the well-known red fluid of the human body. Greek scientific considerations about blood date from Homeric times. The ancient Greeks considered hema as synonymous with life. In Greek myths and historic...

This paper tackles the issue of women and religion through a particular looking glass: religious utterances such as curses, supplication, and prayer, as reflected in some passages from ancient Greek epic and tragedy—pivotal literary genres in the ideological discourse of the Greek polis.

Perhaps no ancient Greek practice is more opaque to us than the Athenian institution of ostracism. Scholars have repeatedly labeled it bizarre, intrin­ sically paradoxical, and exotic. If we follow Darnton’s exhortation (1984: 5), however, our puzzlement is not a cause for dismay, but a signal of fertile territory for the acquisition of a new perspective on the ancient Greek past. In many ways,...

In Marx's works, "the way of mastering art" and other expressions about beauty are mentioned. Do these mean that Marx thinks human existence, comprehensive development liberation from the anthropological intention beauty? this paper, knowledge formation track is investigated learning experience middle school to university life in his youth, tracing ancient Greek origin aesthetic tendency, citin...

In this paper a few applications of the current implementation of R are given. These applications concern typesetting problems that cannot be solved by TEX (consequently, by no other typesetting system known to the authors). They cover a wide range, going from calligraphic script fonts (Adobe Poetica), to plain Dutch/Portuguese/Turkish typesetting, to vowelized Arabic, fully diacriticized schol...

The doctrine of pseudoreplication (DP) offers specific advice on how to ensure statistical independence and compute F-ratios properly when testing a null hypothesis. Our target article showed that this advice can lead to problems in experimental design and analysis. Though a few commenters attempt to defend DP, none offered substantive evidence that our modeling results were incorrect. In our r...