Although both downsizing and voluntary turnover have been topics of great interest in the organizational literature, little research has addressed the possible relationship between the two. Using organization-level data from multiple industries, we first investigate whether downsizing predicts voluntary turnover rates. Second, to lend support to our causal model, we examine whether this relatio...

This article presents an integrated model of contentious nationalist activity, 7 with structure, politics, and action assuming equal roles in an interdependent 8 causal system. The model is tested using simultaneous equation systems on 130 9 ethno-nationalist groups from 1990 to 1998. The results confirm the vital, 10 indirect role of grievances and group identity on protest and the powerful di...

In this article, we aim to develop a unified view of causal and non-causal feature selection methods. The will fill in the gap research relation between two types Based on Bayesian network framework information theory, first show that methods share same objective. That is find Markov blanket class attribute, theoretically optimal set for classification. We then examine assumptions made by when ...

This paper presents a simple generalization of causal consistency suited to any object defined by a sequential specification. As causality is captured by a partial order on the set of operations issued by the processes on shared objects (concurrent operations are not ordered), it follows that causal consistency allows different processes to have different views of each object history.

The primary goal of the epidemiologist is to identify those factors that have a causal impact on development or prevention of a health outcome, thereby providing a target for prevention and intervention. At first glance, causality may appear to be a relatively simple concept to define. However, adequately distinguishing causal agents from non-causal agents is not an easy task from an epidemiolo...

A planning problem is k-dependent if each action has at most k pre-conditions on variables unaffected by the action. This concept is well-founded since k is a constant for all but a few of the standard planning domains, and is known to have implications for tractability. In this paper, we present several new complexity results for P(k), the class of kdependent planning problems with binary vari...