Correspondent inferences in attribution theory deal with assigning causes to behaviour based on true dispositions rather than situational factors. In this paper, we investigate how knowledge representation tools in Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as Bayesian networks (BNs), can help represent such situations and distinguish between the types of clues used in assessing the behaviour (disposit...

background & aim : students’ academic achievement is one of the important indicators in the assessment of higher education. applying critical thinking in education is a significant factor affecting the growth and development of the students. this study was performed in an attempt to determine the relationship between critical thinking dispositions and academic achievement in midwifery students ...

In this study, the critical thinking dispositions of post-RN (post-diploma) nurses continuing their education at a mid-sized university were measured before and after the intervention of a three-credit online course. The tool used to measure the changes in critical thinking disposition was the California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI). There were no statistically significant i...

In Stanovich's (2009a, 2011) dual-process theory, analytic processing occurs in the algorithmic and reflective minds. Thinking dispositions, indexes of reflective mind functioning, are believed to regulate operations at the algorithmic level, indexed by general cognitive ability. General limitations at the algorithmic level impose constraints on, and affect the adequacy of, specific strategies ...

BACKGROUND The concept of function is central to both biology and technology, but neither in philosophy nor in formal ontology is there a generally accepted theory of functions. In particular, there is no consensus how to include functions into a top-level ontology or whether to include them at all. METHODS We first review current conceptions of functions in philosophy and formal ontology and...

In Mumford’s Dispositions, the reader will find an extended treatment of the recent debate about dispositions from Ryle and Geach to the present. Along the way, Mumford presents his own views on several key points, though we found the book much more thorough in its assessment of opposing views than in the development of a positive account. As we’ll try to make clear, some of the ideas endorsed ...

The purpose of this paper is to share the results of the first round of a design experiment, the purpose of which was to intentionally provoke in students particular ways of engaging with statistics. Specifically, in this study, we sought to design a curriculum which would support students’ procedural, conceptual, and critical engagement with content, in order to develop dispositions towards en...

IN their endeavors to show that ethical egoism is an unacceptable moral theory, moral philosophers have tended to argue that either (a) the theory is internally inconsistent, (b) an ethical egoist is committed to a form of solipsism, or (c) the theory cannot, properly speaking, be considered a moral theory.l It would seem, though, that such arguments have not been particularly persuasive. Howev...

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma has unique clinical characteristics with slow growth and a stress-resistant phenotype that is epigenetically induced during cancer progression in an inflammatory microenvironment. We refer to this as an epigenetic disposition, which is frequently associated with unique biomolecular features including prominent alterations in methylation, microsatellite instability a...

OBJECTIVE Recent research suggests that past exposure to discrimination may influence perceptions of, and physiological responses to, new challenges. The authors examined how race and trait levels of hostility and optimism interact with past exposure to discrimination to predict physiological reactivity and recovery during an anger recall task. DESIGN A community sample of 165 normotensive Bl...