Preface The SleepNoise (The effect of noise on driving performance and driver sleepiness) project was initiated by Volvo Car Corporation as a response to anecdotal evidence for increased driver drowsiness related to certain interior sound conditions. The project has been performed as a close collaboration between Volvo Car Corporation (VCC) and the Swedish National Road and Transport Research I...

Since the mid 1970s, Interior Alaska white spruce trees experienced markedly lower growth than during the 19th and early 20th centuries. This observation raises the question of forest persistence on certain sites of lowland central and eastern Alaska. We analyzed white spruce growth across a 36-site network (540 trees) on three major river floodplains in boreal Alaska along a longitudinal gradi...

The characteristics of tire/road interaction noise are mainly determined by the tread pattern of a tire and it is known that the impact force at leading edge of tire is the main cause of the pattern noise. This study is concerned with the prediction of tire pattern noise: The procedure involves the measurement of the impact force at leading edge, the employment of Hertzian impact theory and lon...

It is well known that the vehicle interior noise comfort is one of the main target which may attract customers for purchasing a vehicle. Eventually, the amount of discomfort depends on magnitude, frequency, direction and, as well as, on the duration in vibration exposition inside the cabin. The comfort of the driving strongly influences the driving performances. Generally, the acoustic noise ex...

Quality investigations and design of interior car sounds constitute an important challenge for the car industry. Such sounds are complex and time-varying, inducing considerable timbre variations depending on the driving conditions. An interior car sound is indeed a mixture between several sound sources, with two main contributions, i.e. the engine noise, the aerodynamic and tire-road noise. Tha...

The aim of this work was to develop a realtime simulator for vehicle interior noise in varying load situations. Using this simulator, laboratory hearing tests which are common in the automotive industry may be executed more realistically than by using recorded sounds without any interaction possibility. A simplified model for the load situation of a car is presented. Using this model, the inter...

The optimum road spacing has been studied by many researches. It is an important step of forest road network planning. The goals of this study are determining the optimum road spacing in Kheiroudkenar forest of Nowshahr in Northern Iran and study of effect of kind of skidder on skidding cost and road spacing. Continues time study method was used to determine the production rate of TAF and Timbe...

in an earlier work we showed that for ordered fields f not isomorphic to the reals r, there are continuous 1-1 unctions on [0, 1]f which map some interior point to a boundary point of the image (and so are not open). here we show that over closed bounded intervals in the rationals q as well as in all non-archimedean ordered fields of countable cofinality, there are uniformly continuous 1-1 func...

We consider Arveson’s problem on the maximality of subdiagonal algebras. We prove that a subdiagonal algebra is maximal if it is invariant under the modular group of a faithful normal state which is preserved by the conditional expectation associated with the subdiagonal algebra.