enough to enable us to analyze the relationship of condom use to characteristics that are relatively rare in the population, such as drug use. Our objectives are to use the NHSDA data to describe the frequency of condom use among U.S. adults, to determine how this varies by type of sex partner and by the characteristics of respondents (including their engagement in HIV risk behaviors), and to e...

The confinement of waves in a disordered medium—Anderson localization [1]—has been observed for electromagnetic [2, 3] and acoustic [4] waves in disordered dielectric structures, and for electron waves in condensed matter. Anderson localization arises as a result of the constructive interference between waves that follow time reversed paths as they loop back to a point as a result of scattering...

NATURE PHOTONICS | VOL 7 | MARCH 2013 | www.nature.com/naturephotonics 197 The scattering of waves due to disorder is ubiquitous throughout nature. Examples range from the scattering of light as it passes through clouds or sugar to the scattering of sound waves in the presence of fluctuations. These phenomena have intrigued scientists for centuries. However, a major breakthrough in the understa...

We investigate the celebrated analogy [1] between Anderson localization phenomena in condensed matter physics [2] and related effects in the ionization process of driven Rydberg atoms, and put them on a quantitative footing. The atomic system we consider for a comprehensive numerical analysis of its ionization properties is a highly excited hydrogen atom exposed to a monochromatic electromagnet...

Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften

In studies on the induction of gene mutations by high energy radiation from the Bikini atom bomb, X-ray and other sources, a large number of seedling cultures have been grown for observation. Since January, 1949, maize seedling cultures have been observed by the use of filtered ultraviolet light. Normal seedlings viewed by ultraviolet light have a dull reddish-purple appearance due to the red f...

Internet review forums increasingly supplement expert opinion and social networks in informing consumers about product quality. However, limited empirical evidence links digital word-of-mouth to purchasing decisions. We implement a regression discontinuity design to estimate the effect of positive Yelp.com ratings on restaurant reservation availability. An extra half-star rating causes restaura...

We show that the spectral flow due to a moving vortex is identical to the phase slippage process, and conclude that its evaluation confirms the results by the Berry's phase calculation of the Magnus force.