background: injection of local anesthesia is one of the most important reasons for development of avoidance behavior in children. efforts have been performed to decrease pain perception of injection. the present research evaluated the effect of cooling the injection site on pain perception before infiltration of local anesthetics. materials and methods: a prospective single-blind crossover clin...

BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetics induce pharmacological preconditioning in cardiac tissue. The purpose of this study was to test whether volatile anesthetics mediate this effect by activation of the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (mitoK(ATP)) or sarcolemmal K(ATP) (sarcK(ATP)) channel in rat ventricular myocytes and to evaluate the signaling pathways involved. METHODS...

The effect of volatile anesthetics, halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane on reconstituted light-harvesting 1 complex (LH1) with zinc substituted bacteriochlorophyll a (ZnBChl a) (LH1/ ZnBChl a complex) assembled in n-octyl-h-glucopyranoside (OG) micelle and lipid bilayers was examined. Interestingly, the effect of volatile anesthetics depended on the structures of the LH1 complex, the anestheti...