It has generally been observed that during the course of immunization the appearance of antibody in circulation follows the disappearance of antigen (1, 2). Appreciable amounts of free antigen and its homologous free antibody apparently do not coexist in a single system (3). Existence of complexes consisting of circulating bound antibody and antigen could depend upon several factors. The earlie...

Abstract Immunogenic protein drugs trigger an anti-drug antibody (ADA) response in patients which reduces drug efficacy and increases adverse reactions. Our lab has previously shown that targeting antigen to the liver microenvironment can reduce antigen-specific T cell responses; herein, we present a novel strategy further increase delivery of tolerogenic via conjugation synthetic mannose polym...

Experiments carried out with several well defined antigenic systems (hapten conjugates of poly-L-lysine and guinea pig serum albumin) in guinea pigs demonstrated that: 1. Arthus reactions also manifest carrier specificity, although to a smaller extent than do delayed hypersensitivity reactions. 2. Desensitization by injection of minute doses of antigen results in moderate specific desensitizati...

Centrifugal analysis can be used to detect hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to rubella virus, and fibrin-related antigen. The procedure is performed with the same reagents used in conventional hemagglutination studies. Positive and negative reactions are distinguished by the rates of erythrocyte clearance in the centrifugal field (delta A/delta time); positive cells move more rapidly than ...

E OSINOPHIL GRANULOCYTES are a conspicuous cellular component of inflammatory exudates, local granulomatous reactions, and regional lymphatic tissues.15 Although they have been commonly observed and frequently studied in blood and in areas of chronic allergic reactions, parasitic infestations, repeated exposure to foreign protein, metastasizing tumors, and homograft rejection, the physiologic s...

We attempt to analyze and adopt the interference of monoclonal antibody cluster differentiation 38 on ABO blood group identification cross-matching. Search PubMed, Medline, Web Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang other domestic foreign databases, screening patients requiring transfusion after receiving anti-cluster antibody, retrospective analysis anti-human globulin casse...

Soluble BSA-anti-BSA complexes, formed in antigen excess, give immediate skin reactions in normal guinea pigs. The mechanism of the reaction is not that of passive or reversed passive anaphylaxis. The complex itself is toxic. Skin activity of the complex depends on its composition. It has become obvious that the complex composed of two antigen molecules and one antibody molecule, (Ag(2)Ab), doe...

An indirect ELISA is described in which (i) virus is trapped by F(ab')2 fragments of specific IgG immobilized on a solid phase support, (ii) trapped virus is detected by intact IgG (from the same or a different antiserum) and (iii) positive reactions are identified using an enzyme conjugate specific for the Fc portion of IgG. Pepsin digestion of the Fc portion of the trapping antibody permits t...

We evaluated a rapid, simple-to-perform assay for detecting antibodies to varicella-zoster virus by latex agglutination (LA); dilutions of test sera were added to latex particles coated with varicella-zoster virus antigen. We tested 878 serum specimens by LA and with fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen; of these, 227 were also tested by a commercially marketed enzyme-linked immunosorbent a...

It has been demonstrated that there are normally occurring antibodies to gelatin in human sera. Immunization with gelatin can in many cases increase the antibody level. The presence of these antibodies does not result in cutaneous reactions of the wheal and erythema type after injection of antigen. Many of the properties of the gelatin-antigelatin reaction and the precipitates formed are those ...