BACKGROUND Ketamine is an anesthetic drug. Subanesthetic doses of ketamine have been shown to reduce interleukin-6 concentrations after surgery and to reduce mortality and the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 in septic animals. Similarly, adenosine was shown to reduce tumor necrosis factor alpha and mortality of septic animals. The aim of this study was to determine w...

Antiinflammatory compounds are routinely used in veterinary medicine to manage traumatic injuries, provide analgesia, alter glucose metabolism, control allergies, and treat a variety of disease presentations. Historically, steroidal antiinflammatory agents were used to manage the majority of the cases described above; however, these compounds have lost favor in veterinary medicine because of th...

Ketorolac is a potent nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). In adult humans and animals, its analgesic efficacy can be comparable to opiates. However, it has not been studied in neonatal animals. We conducted a blinded, controlled study comparing the effects of ketorolac and morphine in neonatal rats using the formalin model. Animals were given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of ketorol...

The main objective of this article is to explore the available classified information on Zingiber aromaticum Val. Rhizome and its active compound, Zerumbone. Throughout history, plant has been utilized treat various ailments such as abdominal disorders, cough, anemia, malaria, jaundice, arthritis, infections. Recently, Zerumbone, a sesquiterpene compound found in rhizomes, gained attention for ...

Several studies point to an important function of cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin signaling in models of synaptic plasticity which is associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Cyclooxygenase gene is suggested to be an immediate early gene that is tightly regulated in neurons by NMDA dependent synaptic activity. Nonsteroid Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) exert their antiinf...

Several studies point to an important function of cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin signaling in models of synaptic plasticity which is associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Cyclooxygenase gene is suggested to be an immediate early gene that is tightly regulated in neurons by NMDA dependent synaptic activity. Nonsteroid Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) exert their antiinf...