A new family of distribution named Double-Exponential-X is proposed. The proposed generated from the double exponential distribution. forms probability densities and hazard functions two distinct subfamilies are examined reported. Generalproperties such as moment, survival, order statistics, weighted moments quartile models investigated. sub developed –Exponential-X known double-Exponential-Par...

BACKGROUND Nucleoside analogues can induce toxic effects on mitochondria by inhibiting the human DNA polymerase gamma. The toxic effects can range from increased serum lactate levels to potentially fatal lactic acidosis. We studied changes in mitochondrial DNA relative to nuclear DNA in the peripheral-blood cells of patients with symptomatic, nucleoside-induced hyperlactatemia. METHODS Total ...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND/AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to determine the cost impacts of antiretroviral drugs by analysing a long-term follow-up of direct costs for combined antiretroviral therapy, cART, -regimens in the nationwide long-term observational multi-centre German HIV ClinSurv Cohort. The second aim was to develop potential cost saving strategies by modelling different treatment scen...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients present complex immunological alterations. Multiple drugs that usually prescribed for prevention or treatment of opportunistic infections and antiretroviral pose these patients a higher risk of developing drug hypersensitivity. All antiretroviral agents and drugs to treat opportunistic infections have been reported to cause drug hypersensitiv...

background: availability of antiretroviral therapies has transformed aids into a manageable chronic condition and im­proved well-being among people living with hiv/aids (pha) in developed countries. in developing countries however, such transformations are yet to occur due to socio-economic, systemic and environmental constraint. this study examined the impact of social, economic, psychological...

BACKGROUND To characterize the association of antiretroviral drug combinations on risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS Certain antiretroviral medications for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been implicated in increasing risk of cardiovascular disease. However, antiretroviral drugs are typically prescribed in combination. We characterized the association of current exposure to antire...

BACKGROUND Studies of the effects of antiretroviral drugs on lipid metabolism are limited by the availability of suitable models. We have thus developed an animal model utilising Göttingen mini-pigs. The normal lipid metabolism of mini-pigs closely reflects that of humans and they are expected to have similar reactions to antiretroviral drugs. METHODS The pigs were treated orally with high do...

BACKGROUND Ten (10) young women diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the Wesley Guild Hospital Ilesa, a unit of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria who did not meet the national criteria for the use of antiretroviral drugs were managed with 30-40 mL of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) gruel daily. METHODS Their CD4 counts, ge...

OBJECTIVE To summarize existing data regarding potential interactions between recreational drugs and drugs commonly used in the management of HIV-positive patients. DATA SOURCES Information was obtained via a MEDLINE search (1966-August 2002) using the MeSH headings human immunodeficiency virus, drug interactions, cytochrome P450, medication names commonly prescribed for the management of HIV...

ents and also specifically for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in relation to pregnancy and childbirth. In this report we review the consequences that have been demonstrated for children following in utero exposure of these drugs. We focus mainly on the groups of drugs that are known to be potentially genotoxic (NRTIs). The risk of cancer-development is the concern that...