Inhalation cough challenge has become an accepted method of investigating antitussive agents. It is, therefore, important to examine the degree of tachyphylaxis seen with repeated cough challenge. In addition, different types of challenge may reveal important differences in the neuronal pathways involved in the cough reflex. Citric acid, distilled water and capsaicin were examined to determine ...

Tipepidine hibenzate, a central antitussive drug, is widely used in the management of cough and is generally safe and well tolerated. We present here a case of anaphylaxis caused by this drug. When the patient had caught a cold over the previous 10 years, she had received medications, including tipepidine hibenzate, from her family doctor. However, this time, she developed dyspnea, skin eruptio...

BACKGROUND World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that about half of all medicines are inappropriately prescribed, dispensed and sold and about half of all patients fail to take their medicines properly. OBJECTIVE The overall objective of the study was improving use of medicines in the community by creating awareness among different target groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a pre-post ...

BACKGROUND Iodo-resiniferatoxin (I-RTX) has recently been described as an ultra potent antagonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). METHODS The ability of I-RTX to inhibit cough induced by inhalation of two putative TRPV1 stimulants (capsaicin and citric acid) was tested in non-anaesthetised guinea pigs. RESULTS Pretreatment with I-RTX either intraperitoneally (0.03-0...

Actual Weight Versus Unit The proposed amendment to base hydrocodone offenses on actual weight of the hydrocodone alone is appropriate (p. 56 Guidelines). From a pharmacological perspective, hydrocodone is comparable to oxycodone with respect to its psychoactive properties. The current approach to oxycodone penalties is to use actual weight based upon the Commission’s 2003 decision. Importantly...

Several antidepressants have been used to treat severe pain in clinics. Recently, we reported that the centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive (cough suppressant drug), tipepidine produces an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test, although the mechanism of action appears to be quite different from that of known antidepressants. In the present study, we investigated whether a ...

We have previously shown that ionotropic glutamate receptors in the caudal portion of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), especially in the commissural NTS, play a prominent role in the mediation of tracheobronchial cough and that substance P potentiates this reflex. This NTS region could be a site of action of some centrally acting antitussive agents and a component of a drug-sensitive gating...

Background: Several therapeutic effects including anti-asthma and dyspnea have been described for Plantago lanceolata. In the present study the antitussive effect of this plant was evaluated. Methods: The antitussive effects of aerosols of two different concentrations of Soxhlet and macerated ethanolic extracts, codeine and saline were tested by counting the number of coughs produced due to aer...

Cough is the most common complaint for which outpatients in the United States seek medical attention, and yet available therapeutic options for cough lack proven efficacy and are further limited by safety and abuse liabilities. Thus, safe and effective cough suppressants are needed. Recent preclinical studies described the antitussive effects of memantine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor chann...

The aim of this study was to analyze the expectorant, antitussive and antiasthmatic effects of asterosaponin from Luidia quinaria through secretion of phenol red from mouse tracheas, frequency of cough caused by ammonia in mice and asthma induced by histamine in guinea pig, respectively. Results showed that asterosaponin extracted from L. quinaria at doses of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg could signifi...