The argument on the behaviour of government expenditure toward reducing poverty level is still controversial among economists and policymakers. This study investigates role development in alleviating Malaysia. employs a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model from 1970 to 2019 using annual time series data. bounds test NARDL specification suggests presence cointegration variables...

Following the financial and debt crises in euro area global COVID pandemic, governments supported their economies by increasing borrowing accumulating with ambiguous long-run effects on non-performing loans (NPLs). We empirically investigate determinants of NPLs using quarterly (2003Q1-2020Q2) aggregate data for Greece applying autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. offe...