The study gauges the impact of refugee influx on labor market in Pakistan. Afghan refugees is analyzed using three indicators namely, unemployment, formal employment and informal from years 1979 to 2022. For purpose analysis, ADF PP tests are applied first for examining unit root problem. Variables found having mixed order integration so ARDL bound test co-integration used derive long run short...

This study intends to examine the nature & direction of relationship between stock market movements, particularly decline, and its liquidity in 14 selected emerged emerging economies (G8+5 Pakistan) for January 2001 through December 2017 by applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test Granger-causality test. Trading value turn over ratio are employed measure liquidity. Results...

This paper reviews the long-term impact of public investments on irrigation and agricultural research development along with other control variables, including physical capital, irrigated area, fertilizer consumption, level mechanization, CO2 emissions China’s output from 1986 to 2017. study applied various econometric methods such as ARDL bound-testing approach Johansen co-integration procedur...

This study analyzes the exchange rate pass-through into China aggregate import prices and prices of eleven industries under the HS classification. Chinese monthly data from July 2005 to July 2015 are used. Bounds test finds that all industries have co-integration relationship, with the exception of footwear and headgear products (HS12) and transport equipment (HS17). We have researched the shor...

The motivation of the study is to gauge impact financial development, FDI, Technological innovation, and good governance on environmental degradation in Arab Nation for period 1991–2019. Several techniques have implemented, including error correction-based cointegration, cross-sectional ARDL, Non-linear ARDL Heterogeneous causality test directional causality. results Slope homogeneity, CSD unit...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the short-run and long-run causality between renewable energy (RE) consumption and economic growth (EG) in nine OECD countries from the period between 1982 and 2011. To examine the linkage, this paper uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration test and vector error-correction models to test the causal relat...

The relationship between financial development and income growth of the poor segment of population is analyzed both theoretically and empirically in this paper. Advanced technique like ARDL procedure is employed for co-integration while utilizing time series sample covering 1971-2005 period. Findings of the paper strongly suggest that financial development not only improves the income levels of...

The study assessed how the capital market affected Nigeria's economic expansion. Specifically, impact of Nigeria stock exchange's total value transactions (TVTs), all-shares index (ASIs) and capitalisation (MCAP) on development was evaluated. Time-series data covering 1986–2021 obtained in study. Estimation methods used study’s analysis include descriptive statistics correlation analysis, ARDL ...

iran's economy dependence on oil revenues has caused some impacts in the form of commodity price fluctuations on current revenues. accordingly, in the past few years especially in the second development plan, the government included encouragements and reduced the country's dependence on oil revenues in its agenda. agricultural export, especially livestock and poultry export has a proper status ...

the prime objective of the study is to identify the long-run and short-run relationship between indian stock price viz., bse sensex (hereafter named as bse) and gold price (gold) in india. the daily closing price data were collected for the period of ten years ranging from 1st april 2004 to 31st march 2014 with 2490 observations. the study employed two models: model one used gold as dependent v...