The coefficient of isothermal compressibility (oil compressibility) is defined as the fractional change of oil volume per unit change in pressure. Though the oil compressibility so defined frequently appears in the partial-differential equations describing fluid flow in porous media, it is rarely used in this form in practical engineering calculations. Instead, oil compressibility is usually as...

We used Mayer sampling technique—a method based on free energy perturbation, to calculate virial coefficients B2–B6 for hard-core Yukawa fluids with interaction range parameter, =1.8, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10. We used these coefficients in the virial equation of state (VEOS) to obtain compressibility vailable online 28 June 2009

Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) actuator has been widely used in medical and rehabilitation robots, owing to its high power-to-weight ratio and inherent safety characteristics. However, the PAM exhibits highly non-linear and time variant behavior, due to compressibility of air, use of elastic-viscous material as core tube and pantographic motion of the PAM outer sheath. It is difficult to obt...

This paper is concerned with an optimal shape control problem for the stationary Navier–Stokes system. A two–dimensional channel flow of an incompressible, viscous fluid is examined to determine the shape of a bump on a part of the boundary that minimizes the viscous drag. By introducing an artificial compressibility term to relax the incompressibility constraints, we take the penalty method. T...

Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) overcome the other common actuators as it has higher power-to-weight ratio. However, the air compressibility and lack of damping ability of PAM brings dynamic delay to the pressure response and causes oscillatory motion to occur. It is not easy to realize the motion with high accuracy and high speed due to all the non-linear characteristics of pneumatic system....

Improved electrically powered artificial muscles are needed for generating force, moving objects, and accomplishing work. Carbon nanotube aerogel sheets are the sole component of new artificial muscles that provide giant elongations and elongation rates of 220% and (3.7 x 10(4))% per second, respectively, at operating temperatures from 80 to 1900 kelvin. These solid-state-fabricated sheets are ...

In this summary of previous work, I argue that data becomes temporarily interesting by itself to some selfimproving, but computationally limited, subjective observer once he learns to predict or compress the data in a better way, thus making it subjectively more “beautiful.” Curiosity is the desire to create or discover more non-random, non-arbitrary, “truly novel,” regular data that allows for...

In this work, the ability of Artificial Neural Network or ANN based on back-propagation algorithm to modeling and predicting of compressibility factor of natural gas has been investigated. The MSE analysis based on results, are used to verifying the suggested approach. Results show, a good agreement between experimental data and ANN predictions. An important feature of the model is its needless...