A comparative study for the automatic control of an underwater vehicle has been conducted. The vessel had only three thrusters for the control of its position, something that made the problem very difficult. Furthermore the system is highly non-linear. A control system has been simulated for the regulation of the marine thrusters so that they stabilize the vehicle at a desired position, irrespe...

We analyze a problem, which is relevant for physiological modeling of vascular networks: the initialization and optimization of specific, individual models of a functioning vessel network. We do not try to describe the process of growing vessels. Rather, the model properties are optimized via similarity metrics between the artificial vessel network and suitable image data. A vascular network mo...

in this paper, we describe a case of an aneurysmal circumflex artery connected to the coronary sinus through a fistula in a 40-year-old man with a two-year history of palpitation and chest pain. we discussed surgical management for patients with coronary artery fistula (caf), particularly for asymptomatic patients with a small left-to-right shunt .

anomalies of origin, course, and distribution of coronary arteries, including single coronary artery, are well known in patients with tetralogy of fallot. however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published case report of pentalogy of fallot with a single coronary artery. herein, we introduce a 22-year-old female patient diagnosed via echocardiography and cardiac catheterization preope...

a 48-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of typical chest pain, cold sweat, and dyspnea of 24 hours’ duration. she had a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus for many years. on admission, her electrocardiogram (ecg) revealed normal sinus rhythm and dynamic t inversion in the precordial leads. her enzyme levels were normal. transthora...

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and diabetic retinal disease is the most widespread type of retinal disorders. The precisely extracted Retinal blood vessel provides a vital factor in the early diagnosis of retinopathy. In this paper a programmed method is proposed to enhance the performance evaluation of feature extraction technique to obtain the affected ocular fundus images in the retinal blood ...

To study the interactions between smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro, we developed an artificial blood vessel model, which consisted of collagen gel containing human aortic smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells grown on the gel. The blood vessel model was utilized to investigate the role of midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, in the intercellular i...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The relationship between the appearance of an ulcer and postoperative bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is not well understood. To explore this potential relationship, we retrospectively analyzed the short-term healing process of ESD. METHODS A total of 520 consecutive lesions in 434 patients seen between January 2004 and December 2009 were retrospe...

1. A new method of destroying thrombi in blood vessels by ultrasound and simultaneously removing them is reported. 2. Experiments were performed in twenty dogs with artificial thrombi in the iliac and femoral arteries and veins. The length of the thrombi ranged from 4 to 5 cm and the age from 12 h to 10 days. The unit used consisted of a generator, a frequency counter, an ultrasonic transducer ...

Chemical evolution describes the first step in the development of life, such as the formation of complex organic molecules from simpler (in-)organic compounds. A deeper understanding of this period requires not only a refinement of our chemical knowledge but also improved theoretical concepts that help to explain how complex chemical systems evolve in principle. Here we investigate how chemical...