introduction: esophagus injuries secondary to caustic ingestion occurs frequently in children. oral damages cannot give us a clear image of what has happened in upper gi. therefore endoscopy is only diagnostic way to evaluate upper gi injuries. in this study, we found out the endoscopic results in children admitted with caustic ingestion in qaem(a. s.) hospital between 2011 to 2013 , and compar...

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The influence of the bioclimatic elements upon the building behavior is analyzed using Matlab/ Simulink and toolbox HAMBASE. However, this software does not take into account a crucial element characteristic of these bioclimatic buildings, the air density. We propose an enhancement of existing computer code by adding a model to calculate the air density characteristic along the already existing...

It is good to be able to pass on the best wishes of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and to remind you that the IIR will be holding its Gustav Lorentzen Memorial Conference in Glasgow next year. I hope that the IIR conference will be as well supported and as valuable as this CIBSE/ASHRAE conference. You are warmly invited to attend the Gustav Lorentzen conference in Glasgow, w...

This paper illustrates a step-by-step process on how to use "The Manual for Verification, Validation, and Reporting of Indoor Environment CFD analyses" developed by ASHRAE. The details of the manual are further explained through an example of indoor environment modeling (an office with mechanical displacement ventilation). The verification, validation, and reporting do not have to be documented...

A project was initiated to investigate concerns regarding the application of duct smoke detectors (ASHRAE RP-1079). The objective of the research was to investigate the effects of driving forces, dilution, aging, smoke stratification, filters, and sample tube efficacy on smoke detector response. As one part of this project, a series of full-scale fire tests were conducted in a ten-story facilit...

This paper presents diversity factors recommended for use in energy simulation programs that require the input of hourly usage of electricity Jor lighting and receptacle loads relative to the installed lighting/equipment capacity. Typical weekday and weekend profiles are presented for small, medium, and large office buildings. The diversity profiles were developedfrom year-long records from 46 ...

Due to the impacts of carbon emissions on climate change and expected dramatic increase in global cooling demand by 2050, it is a paramount importance that required energy cool buildings accurately predicted. This ensures equipment appropriately sized, which ultimately reduces consumption emissions. CIBSE ASHRAE standards are both widely adopted for load predictions, but they adopt different ca...