نتایج جستجو برای: atmosphere interactions

تعداد نتایج: 439453  

Journal: :Proceedings. Biological sciences 2003
P R Moorcroft

The atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems are fundamentally coupled on a variety of time-scales. On short time-scales, this bi-directional interaction is dominated by the rapid exchange of CO(2), water and energy between the atmosphere and the land surface; on long time-scales, the interaction involves changes in ecosystem structure and composition in response to changes in climate that feed ba...

Journal: :Journal of the American Chemical Society 2015
Magdalena Gebala George M Giambaşu Jan Lipfert Namita Bisaria Steve Bonilla Guangchao Li Darrin M York Daniel Herschlag

The ion atmosphere is a critical structural, dynamic, and energetic component of nucleic acids that profoundly affects their interactions with proteins and ligands. Experimental methods that "count" the number of ions thermodynamically associated with the ion atmosphere allow dissection of energetic properties of the ion atmosphere, and thus provide direct comparison to theoretical results. Pre...

Journal: :Science 2015
B M Jakosky J M Grebowsky J G Luhmann J Connerney F Eparvier R Ergun J Halekas D Larson P Mahaffy J McFadden D F Mitchell N Schneider R Zurek S Bougher D Brain Y J Ma C Mazelle L Andersson D Andrews D Baird D Baker J M Bell M Benna M Chaffin P Chamberlin Y-Y Chaufray J Clarke G Collinson M Combi F Crary T Cravens M Crismani S Curry D Curtis J Deighan G Delory R Dewey G DiBraccio C Dong Y Dong P Dunn M Elrod S England A Eriksson J Espley S Evans X Fang M Fillingim K Fortier C M Fowler J Fox H Gröller S Guzewich T Hara Y Harada G Holsclaw S K Jain R Jolitz F Leblanc C O Lee Y Lee F Lefevre R Lillis R Livi D Lo M Mayyasi W McClintock T McEnulty R Modolo F Montmessin M Morooka A Nagy K Olsen W Peterson A Rahmati S Ruhunusiri C T Russell S Sakai J-A Sauvaud K Seki M Steckiewicz M Stevens A I F Stewart A Stiepen S Stone V Tenishev E Thiemann R Tolson D Toublanc M Vogt T Weber P Withers T Woods R Yelle

Coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere, combined with loss of gas from the upper atmosphere to space, likely contributed to the thin, cold, dry atmosphere of modern Mars. To help understand ongoing ion loss to space, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft made comprehensive measurements of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with the Sun and s...

2010
Meghan F. Cronin Nicholas Bond James Booth Hiroshi Ichikawa Terrence M. Joyce Kathryn Kelly Masahisa Kubota Bo Qiu Chris Reason Mathieu Rouault Chris Sabine Toshiro Saino Justin Small Toshio Suga Lynne D. Talley LuAnne Thompson Robert A. Weller

Western boundary currents as they extend eastward into the ocean basin (referred to here as WBCEs) are regions of intense air-sea interaction, where the ocean loses heat and moisture to the atmosphere and absorbs carbon dioxide. Air-sea interactions in WBCEs can affect weather and climate both locally and remotely, on time scales of days to decades. Thus significant societal benefit can be achi...

2005
Allen H. Goldstein

In the Sierra Nevada, studies are being conducted to assess the impacts of both anthropogenic and biogenic hydrocarbon emissions on regional tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol production. Impacts of ozone deposition and management practices on ecosystem health are also being studied. Human-induced changes in regional air quality have consequences for Sierra Nevada ecosystems and human health. ...

Journal: :Environmental pollution 2013
C Calfapietra S Fares F Manes A Morani G Sgrigna F Loreto

Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) play a critical role in biosphere-atmosphere interactions and are key factors of the physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere and climate. However, few studies have been carried out at urban level to investigate the interactions between BVOC emissions and ozone (O3) concentration. The contribution of urban vegetation to the load of BVOCs in t...

Journal: :Annual review of biochemistry 2014
Jan Lipfert Sebastian Doniach Rhiju Das Daniel Herschlag

Ions surround nucleic acids in what is referred to as an ion atmosphere. As a result, the folding and dynamics of RNA and DNA and their complexes with proteins and with each other cannot be understood without a reasonably sophisticated appreciation of these ions' electrostatic interactions. However, the underlying behavior of the ion atmosphere follows physical rules that are distinct from the ...

احمری طهران, هدی , حیدری, اکرم , خرمی راد, اشرف , صیدی, معصومه ,

  Background and Aim: Quality of services in hospitals should be continuously evaluated in terms of structure, process, and outcome. The purpose of this study was to comparepatient satisfaction, physical space and medical equipment between governmental and privative hospitals in Qom, Iran.   Material and Method: In this descriptive-analytcal study, 500 patients from selected Qom hospitals were ...

2010
M. K. D. Duffy

Introduction: The study of trace gas species in the Martian atmosphere has the potential to shed new light on wide-ranging topics such as the search for life and the history of liquid water on the planet. Investigating the way that molecules such as ozone, water and HCl are cycled in the atmosphere will give insights into the interactions taking place between the atmosphere, lithosphere and any...

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