[1] The availability of iron exerts a significant control on primary production and the export of organic matter over large areas of the ocean, especially those far from land sources. We explore the regulation of the global soft tissue pump of carbon and atmospheric CO2 by the atmospheric delivery of iron in a three-dimensional ocean circulation and biogeochemistry model. There is only a small ...

The search for causes of the rising temperatures in some geographic areas during the twentieth century has directed interest toward the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (GOa). If the carbon dioxide added by the combustion of fossil fuels remains as a net increase, any temperature-changing effects of its presence as a minor constituent of the atmosphere should be cumulatively operative as th...

[1] Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an atmospheric trace gas that participates in some key reactions of the carbon cycle and thus holds great promise for studies of carbon cycle processes. Global monitoring networks and atmospheric sampling programs provide concurrent data on COS and CO2 concentrations in the free troposphere and atmospheric boundary layer over vegetated areas. Here we present a mode...

[1] There is proxy evidence that the pronounced east-west temperature difference observed today across the equatorial Pacific Ocean may not have existed in the early Pliocene (4–5 Ma BP) and that the east Pacific cold tongue developed gradually toward the end of the Pliocene (2 Ma BP). The east Pacific temperature influences weather and climate worldwide, and the Pliocene climate may be an inst...

Plants respond to changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide. To herbivores, the decreased leaf protein contents and increased C/N ratios common to all leaves under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide imply a reduction in food quality. In addition to these fine-scale adjustments, the abundance of C(3) and C(4) plants (particularly grasses) are affected by atmospheric carbon dioxide. C(4) grasses cur...

It is well known that atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) (and other greenhouse gases) have increased markedly as a result of human activity since the industrial revolution. It is perhaps less appreciated that natural and managed soils are an important source and sink for atmospheric CO2 and that, primarily as a result of the activities of soil microorganisms, there is a soil-der...

The possible trends for atmospheric carbon monoxide in the next 100 years have been illustrated using a coupled atmospheric chemistry and climate model driven by emissions predicted by a global economic development model. Various model runs with different assumptions regarding emissions or model parameters have been carried out to investigate the impacts of model and emission uncertainties on t...

A simple and efficient synthesis of cyclopentadienones via palladium-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of alkynes under atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide has been developed. The transformation was carried out under mild and ligand-free conditions, a wide range of substrates and exceptional functional group tolerance.

A series of cobalt heterogeneous catalysts have been developed that are effective for the conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons. The effect of the promoter and loadings have been investigated.