The authors explored whether manipulating the location of distraction in the participants’ visual field influences the degree of competition between visual and other cognitive processes. If a cognitive task is lateralized to a particular hemisphere, visual distraction directed toward that same hemisphere should impair performance on that task more than should visual distraction directed toward ...

the appliance of international instruments in the field of literally and artistic property rights has cause a well-established and stable international aspect in comparison with its domestic aspect. this discipline has been founded on the basis of the berne convention, 1886, the universal copyright convention, 1952, and the rome convention, 1961, which their translations have all been published...

D epending on the circumstances, multisensory stimulation may be either a blessing or a curse. Hearing-impaired persons in general, and cochlear implant users in particular, derive considerable benefit from the visual cues of the speaker's face and body in face-to-face speech communication. On the other hand, the faithful basketball fan, intently following the L.A. Lakers–Orlando Magic finals g...

Selective attention involves top-down modulation of sensory cortical areas, such that responses to relevant information are enhanced whereas responses to irrelevant information are suppressed. Suppression of irrelevant information, unlike enhancement of relevant information, has been shown to be deficient in aging. Although these attentional mechanisms have been well characterized within the vi...

The current study investigates how young children allocate their attention in learning environments. Prior research has shown that elementary school students spend between 25% and 50% of instructional time off-task. However, the available research has not clearly identified the common sources of distraction, nor specified the relationship between the distraction source and learning outcomes. In...

Single-vehicle roadway departure (SVRD) accidents occur in many cases owing to driver distraction or drowsiness constituting a substantial share of today’s road vehicle accidents and casualties. This paper describes a distraction-based lane-keeping support system, which intervenes only when the driver is positively detected as being distracted. Distraction here is understood as cognitive and vi...

Rare irregular sounds (deviants) embedded into a regular sound sequence have large potential to draw attention to themselves (distraction). It has been previously shown that distraction, as manifested by behavioral response delay, and the P3a and reorienting negativity (RON) event-related potentials, could be reduced when the forthcoming deviant was signaled by visual cues preceding the sounds....