Even though autoimmune thyroiditis is considered as the most emblematic type of organ-specific autoimmune disorder of autoimmunity, autoimmune thyroid diseases can be associated with other autoimmune endocrine failures or non-endocrine diseases (namely vitiligo, pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune gastritis, celiac disease, hepatitis). Thyroid disorders, which are the most frequent...

The coexistence of Crohn’s disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroid diseases [Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT)] is uncommon, although these conditions involve autoimmune processes. This report reviews the English and Japanese literature, including proceedings regarding coexisting CD and the autoimmune thyroid diseases GD and HT, and discusses cases of concomitant CD and GD (six ...

A simple and reproducible hemagglutination technique for detecting microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies has been evaluated in normal subjects and in patients with thyroid disease. Microsomal antibodies were detected in 89 percent of all patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and in 97 percent of patients with biopsy proven Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In contrast, thyroglobulin antibodies were...

The incidence of biochemical hypothyroidism has been estimated to be as high as 30% in patients taking lithium (Lazarus et al., 1981). There are several different mechanisms involved. Lithium has been shown to block release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland (Spaulding et al., 1972) and probably also directly inhibits thyrotrophin-stimulated adenyl cyclase in the thyroid gland. Lazarus et al. ...

Few studies have been performed to investigate autoimmune diseases associated with organ non-specific rheumatological disorders in children, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (IA). The objective in this study was to determine the frequency of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland in children with JIA. Eighty patients with JIA and 81 healthy sex- and age-matched controls were enrolled in ...

Prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis is increased in patients with celiac disease and vice versa. Both diseases are frequent autoimmune diseases sharing multiple aspects lodging at the two ends of the gut-thyroid axis where the cross-talks’ pathways are still unrivalled. Many authors recommend screening patients with thyroid autoimmunity for celiac disease associated antibodies. However, routin...

BACKGROUND The encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (EAATD) is characterized by neurological/psychiatric symptoms, high levels of anti-thyroid antibodies, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration, non-specific electroencephalogram abnormalities, and responsiveness to the corticosteroid treatment in patients with an autoimmune thyroid disease. Almost all EAATD pat...

Autoimmune thyroid disease is frequently accompanied by other organ-specific and non-organ-specific diseases, most likely because there is sharing of genetic and possibly environmental susceptibility factors. These associations are well recognized in the autoimmune polyglandular syndromes; autoimmune thyroid disease is one of the three major endocrinopathies in the type 2 syndrome and occurs in...

A 38-y-old East Asian woman presented in 1985 with weight gain and cold intolerance. She was found to have a small goiter and an elevated thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) level of 58 mU/l (normal range, 0.5–5). She was diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism and was treated with levothyroxine (L-T4) 0.1 mg/d. Her symptoms promptly improved. Between 1985 and 1993, she felt generally well. Her adhe...

The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, therefore thyroid dysfunction has an impact throughout the body In iodine-replete areas, autoimmune disease is the commonest cause of thyroid disorders Thyroid function tests (especially TSH) accurately reflect thyroid function in the majority of cases Subclinical thyroid dysfunction should be monitored regularly; if persistent, patients may require activ...