This essay offers a critical review of some key theoretical issues relevant to second language acquisition and considers the practical implications of these issues on language teaching. The discussion advocates a renewed communicative approach to language pedagogy, which entails the educators’ readiness to act as teacher-researchers, their cautious considerations of individual learner differenc...

A significant portion of early language learning can be viewed as an associative learning problem. We investigate the use of associative language learning based on the principle that words convey Shannon information about the environment. We discuss the shortcomings in representation used by previous associative word learners and propose a functional representation that not only denotes environ...

In the process of English learning, each learner has his/her own attitude towards learning. In this path, s/he should feel free to be responsible for what s/he wants and seeks to learn which shows how autonomous the learner is. This study is based on the hypotheses that there is a relationship between what the learner feels towards English language learning and his/her level of autonomy. For th...

This paper discusses a basic scenario of m-learning activities for a situated in-the-field examination of cultural diversity with the Linguistic Landscape approach, i.e. a systematic examination of written displays of minority languages in the public space. Enabling learners to participate in content exchange via the Web 2.0 paradigm, where learners act both as both media consumers and media cr...

There are various ways of learning. I would like to listen more to the voices of the learners as individual persons, not only as students of English. I have decided to introduce portfolios into my classes because they can make language learning more visible. One of the perceived advantages of portfolios for students is that they can become autonomous learners. Autonomy, which can be a general e...

E-learners require activities and content based on their preferences and prior knowledge, not merely fully static, page-turning sequences. In this paper we present a framework that integrates and supports two approaches towards adaptation to the learner needs – design and runtime adaptation. The framework is based on IMS Learning Design (IMS LD). IMS LD offers a semantic notation to describe an...

Corpus refers to the database of language materials. Cool Edit Pro is a media edit software. This paper explores how to construct spoken language corpus, how to use cool edit pro 2 to make waveforms for L2 learners at the different stages, make contrast among them and try to provide for the experimenters an intuitive observation from their own speech waveforms. The key is to offer the obvious w...