the present study aimed at investigating the relationship between iranian efl teachers’ classroom management orientations and their teaching styles. additionally, the difference between male and female teachers’ teaching styles and classroom management orientations and their relationship with experience and age were explored. three hundred efl teachers filled in attitudes and beliefs on classro...

Introduction: Learning contract is an individual and dynamic process through which students become self-directed and proactive in learning. Several studies have underscored using this method in nursing education. The purpose of this paper was to review benefits, limitations and administrative methods of learning contracts in nursing clinical education. Methods: This paper is a narrative review....

with the introduction of communicative language teaching, a large number of studies have concerned with students’ oral participation in language classrooms. although the importance of classroom participation is evident, some language learners are unwilling to engage in oral activities. this passivity and unwillingness to participate in language classroom discussions is known as “reticence”. rev...