in this study, to determine the economic value of irrigation water and simulate the response of farmers to reducing  available water policy of positive mathematical programming models (pmp) was used. by the proposed model, the economic value (shadow price) of irrigation water estimated in each of the areas of western rodbar alamuot, rajai dasht and eastern rodbar almuot. then, the reactions of ...

Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. is a herbaceous perennial plant that could be drought tolerant once established after the first year. To evaluate the effects of water stress on growth parametersand forage quality of this plant, a field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013-2015. Treatments wer...

Abstract Biochars can improve soil health but have been widely shown to reduce plant-available nitrogen (N) owing their high carbon (C) content, which stimulates microbial N-immobilization. However, because biochars contain large amounts of C that are not microbially available, total elemental C:N ratio does correspond well with impacts on N. We hypothesized N would relate biochar mineralizable...