Classically, one can increase the titer of an agglutinating or first antibody with an antiglobulin or second antibody. We have used an avidin-biotin system in place of antiglobulin to similarly extend the agglutination by an initial anticellular antibody. Erythrocytes were agglutinated by adding in succession, caproylamidobiotin-antibody, avidin, and extender (caproylamidobiotin-macromolecule)....

Methods Avidin was either directly conjugated to chitosan (virus–biotin– avidin-material; VBAM) or indirectly docked on biotinylated chitosan surfaces (virus–biotin–avidin–biotin-material; VBABM) to tether biotinylated adenovirus. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and spectroscopic analysis were performed to demonstrate the binding profiles. Biotinalkaline phosphatase and biotinylated a...

A new method for attaching antigens to latex by an avidin-biotin technique is described. The procedure permits control of the amount of antigen attached to the latex and eliminates the need for highly purified antigens and destructive bridging chemicals. The avidin-biotin latex agglutination assay is a simple, rapid test well suited to detection of viral antibody. The sensitivity and specificit...

Atomic force microscopy of single molecules, steered molecular dynamics and the theory of stochastic processes have established a new field that investigates mechanical functions of proteins, such as ligand–receptor binding/unbinding and elasticity of muscle proteins during stretching. The combination of these methods yields information on the energy landscape that controls mechanical function ...

A biotinylated derivative of alpha-bungarotoxin and tetramethylrhodamine-labeled avidin were employed to fluorescence label the acetylcholine receptors (AcChoR) on the surface of rat myotubes in primary culture. Because of the multivalency of both the biotinylated bungarotoxin and the avidin, this treatment extensivey crosslinks the AcChoR. AcChoR crosslinking immobilizes more than 90% of the n...

Monodisperse biotinylated poly(styrene-co-N-acryloxysuccinimide) microspheres were synthesized in aqueous solutions with a two-step method. Upon the addition of avidin solutions of different concentrations in phosphate buffer into the dispersed biotinylated microspheres, the microspheres aggregated rapidly due to the high binding affinity between biotin and avidin. The hydrodynamic diameter of ...

A new indirect method for fluorescence localization of proteins making use of the avidin-biotin complex is described. We have prepared both a biotin-modified rabbit heavy meromyosin (BHMM) and a biotin-modified antibody to a smooth muscle myosin. After fixation, cells can be treated with either BHMM, which binds to actin, or the biotinyl antibody, which binds to myosin. In a second step the cel...

A general method for the selective retrieval of surface labeled plasma membrane components had been devised. The basis of the technique is the covalent attachment of compounds containing 2-iminobiotin, the cyclic guanidino analog of biotin, onto the cell surface proteins and the use of immobilized avidin to recover the labeled components uncontaminated by other cytosolic and membrane components...

A new affinity biosensor based on pulsed terahertz (THz) wave technology has been used to monitor binding between biotin and avidin molecules. Amplified detection of avidin-biotin binding is obtained on supported membranes composed of biotin layers on quartz surface, which is modified with octadecanol. Agarose particles are conjugated with avidin and then applied to biotin, which is already bou...