BACKGROUND Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head (FH) is believed to be caused by a multitude of etiologic factors and is associated with significant morbidity in younger populations. Eventually, the disease progresses and results in FH collapse. Thus, a focus on early disease management aimed at joint preservation by preventing or delaying progression is key. The use of stem cells (SC) ...

A dual-pathway theory to explain atrioventricular-nodal (AVN) reentry has been proposed previously. However, the exact anatomical and functional correlates of the fast pathway (FP) and slow pathway (SP) have not yet been elucidated. We used optical mapping to reconstruct patterns of activation during retrograde conduction through the AVN and during AVN reentry in the triangles of Koch of 12 rab...

26 consecutive patients (37 hips) with avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head treated surgically at our institution from 1999 to 2008 were reviewed. The aims of the study were to evaluate the risk factors associated with AVN in HIV positive and HIV negative individuals, and assess early response to total hip replacement (THR) surgery in HIV positive and negative patients. There were 15 ma...

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head (FH) causes 5% to 12% of total hip arthroplasties (THA). It especially affects active male adults between the third and fifth decades of life. The exact worldwide incidence is unknown. There are only few data related to each country, but most of it relates to the United States.Non-surgical management has a very limited role in the treatment of AVN of...

Increased risk of osteoporosis, fractures, and avascular necrosis (AVN) has been suggested in multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients with MS are often exposed to corticosteroid treatment (CST) during the disease course and conflicting reports exist regarding complications of CST. Our study aims to investigate the association between cumulative doses of CST and radiographic evaluation of AVN of the f...

PURPOSE Surgical hip dislocation is commonly performed in orthopaedic surgery for several pathologies that often present risk of avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head. Observation of blood spilling out from a drill hole, performed in the head after dislocation, has been proposed as a predictive test for AVN. No data have been published about test reliability. Study's aim was to evaluate the ...

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the ankle and foot is an uncommon and often unexpected postoperative complication in patients with persistent pain and disability postprocedure. Artifacts from metallic implants may obscure characteristic imaging signs of AVN, and radiography and computer tomography are the mainstay imaging modalities of the postoperative ankle and foot. MRI and nuclear medicine imag...

During atrial fibrillation, ventricular rate is determined by atrioventricular nodal (AVN) conduction, which in part is dependent upon the refractoriness of single AVN cells. The aims of this study were to investigate the rate-dependency of the action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period (ERP) in single myocytes isolated from the AV node and atrium of rabbit hearts, using wh...

Background: Avascular osteonecrosis (AVN) is a serious osseous complication after renal transplantation (RT). Its prevalence clearly decreased from 20% to 4 % possibly due to the use of calcinurin inhibitors (CNI), reduction of steroid doses and use of steroid free regimens. The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of AVN among our kidney transplant recipients and to determine the ris...

BACKGROUND In drug-refractory heart failure, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established method in patients with sinus rhythm, severe reduced ejection fraction and broad QRS. Heart failure is known as a predisposition for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the putative impact of atrioventricular node (AVN) ablation in chronic AF and CRT remains unclear. The aim of this study was t...