This study describes the successive stages of development of branches from axillary buds in fully rooted plants of Trifolium repens grown in near optimal conditions, and the way in which this developmental pathway differs when nodal root formation is prevented as plants grow out from a rooted base. Cuttings of a single genotype were established in a glasshouse with nodal root systems on the two...

UNLABELLED This study assessed the maximum standardized uptake value of metastatic axillary lymph nodes in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) to determine the pretreatment prognostic value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for disease-free survival (DFS). METHODS Sixty-five female IDC patients who had undergone pretreatment (18)F-FDG PET/CT and had pathologically confirmed axillary lymph nod...

BACKGROUND Generally, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is performed in patients with clinically negative axillary lymph node (LN). This study was to assess imaging techniques in axillary LN staging and to evaluate the feasibility of SLNB in patients clinically suspected of axillary LN metastasis on preoperative imaging techniques (SI). METHODS A prospectively maintained database of 767 breas...

BACKGROUND Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure that provides accurate nodal staging information. The need for completion axillary dissection after finding a positive SLN for breast cancer has been questioned. HYPOTHESIS The presence of nonsentinel node (NSN) metastases in the axillary dissection specimen correlates with tumor size, the number of SLNs removed, an...

introduction: breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second cause of death in women. it is essential to have the highest level of confidence in axillary staging assessment. many surgeons and pathologists believe that fewer lymph nodes are present in axillary dissection specimens of women treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. consequently, the purpose of this study was to compare the lym...

In complex task domains, such as games, students may exceed their teachers. Such tasks afford diverse means to tradeoff one type of performance for another, combining task elements in novel ways to yield method variations and strategy discoveries that, if mastered, might produce large or small leaps in performance. For the researcher interested in the development of extreme expertise in the wil...

This issue of Breast Disease is dedicated to the sentinel node (SN) procedure in breast cancer, and more specifically on how to treat patients in whom isolated tumor cells or micrometastases are detected. Introduction of population-based breast cancer screening and an increased awareness in the general population regarding breast lumps has resulted in a shift towards clinically node-negative br...

With the improvement of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), the proportion of pathological complete response (pCR) in the breast and axillary lymph node (ALN) is increasing. The evaluation of pCR does not include the status of internal mammary lymph node (IMLN). This study is to evaluate the roles of both axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (ASLNB) and internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (I...

The long term prognostic significance of oestrogen receptors was assessed in a prospective study of 767 patients presenting between the years 1975 and 1981 with stage I and 2 breast cancer treated by mastectomy with either full axillary dissection or nodal sampling. Oestrogen receptor binding was determined by a dextran coated charcoal method and median follow up was 11 years. Oestrogen recepto...

In vitro propagation of Dendrobium macrostachyum, a threatened and endemic species was achieved through nodal explants. The nodal explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and MS medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA-2.22, 4.44 and 8.88 microM), Kinetin (KN-2.32, 4.65, and 9.29 microM) and Coconut water (CW, 5, 10 and 15%) individually or in combination with 2.69 m...