AIMS This paper describes a simple technique of axillary and breast massage which improves the successful identification of blue sentinel nodes using patent blue dye alone. METHODS Patent blue dye was injected in the subdermal part of the retroaroelar area in 167 patients having surgical treatment for invasive breast cancer. Three stage axillary lymphatic massage was performed prior to making...

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to define the factors associated with nonvisualization of a sentinel node (SN) in the axilla area during preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. METHODS We retrospectively studied 332 women with T0, T1, or T2 <3-cm, N0 invasive breast cancer who underwent a sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure. All patients had intradermal and intraparenchymal injection of 37 MBq...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of core needle biopsy of axillary lymph nodes with suspected metastases from breast cancer and to correlate the imaging and histologic findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively studied 74 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of axillary lymph nodes with characteristics suggestive of metastases on ultraso...

Benign heterotopic epithelial inclusions in axillary lymph nodes are an extremely rare condition that must be differentiated from metastatic carcinoma. We describe 2 histologically different examples of benign epithelial inclusions in nonsentinel axillary lymph nodes, each with an unusual clinical presentation.

Results: The median disease-free interval of 35 patients with IBTR was 66.7 month and the median tumor size of IBTR was 1.2cm. A total of 22 patients had previous SLNB, 8 patients had previous axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), and 5 patients had no previous axillary treatment. The average number of lymph nodes harvested at the time of primary surgery with SLNB and ALND was 2.9 and 20.8, re...

Administering adjuvant irradiation to the level III axilla and supraclavicular fossa (SCF) is indicated for those patients who undergo the standard level I-II axillary dissection and who have four or more positive axillary nodes or T3-4 primary disease.(1-3) The risk of failure in the axillary apex or SCF is less than 5% for the patients who have T1-2 primary tumors and fewer than 4 involved ax...