This study analyzed the noise equivalent sigma zero (NESZ) and ocean wind sensitivity for Chinese C-band Gaofen-3 (GF-3) quad-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements to facilitate further operational wind extraction from GF-3 data. Data from the GF-3 quad-polarization SAR and collocated winds from both NOAA/NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) atmospheric model and National Data B...

A one dimensional, computational model for the propagation of ultra low frequency (ULF; 1–100 mHz) wave fields from the Earth’s magnetosphere through the ionosphere, atmosphere and into the ground is presented. The model is formulated to include solutions for high latitudes where the Earth’s magnetic field, (B0), is near vertical and for oblique magnetic fields applicable at lower latitudes. Th...

The conventional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm with static sources assumption usually estimates the source angles of two adjacent moments independently and the correlation of the moments is not considered. In this article, we focus on the DOA estimation of moving sources and a modified particle filtering (MPF) algorithm is proposed with state space model of single acoustic vec...

Depending on the aperture extension (AE), a high performance three-dimensional (3D) near-field (NF) source localization algorithm is proposed with the nonuniform linear array (NLA). The proposed algorithm first generates some fictitious sensors to extend the array aperture by constructing a new Toeplitz matrix, and then obtains a two-dimensional (2D) covariance matrix which only contains the el...

Previous studies have shown that the accuracy of sound localization is improved if listeners are allowed to move their heads during signal presentation. This study describes the function relating localization accuracy to the extent of head movement in azimuth. Sounds that are difficult to localize were presented in the free field from sources at a wide range of azimuths and elevations. Sounds r...

Photovoltaic modules and systems (PVs) play an important role in achieving self-sustainable airports. In particular, airport-based PVs (A-PVs) have access to their full potential because airports are typically located open spaces. However, the reflection of solar light by A-PVs’ front glass is unavoidable may cause accident due glare (SG). this study, we theoretically calculated risk SG from A-...

We combined normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and digital terrain analysis to detect thermal south (defined in this paper as the warmest slope azimuth, especially for plant growth) in three mountainous landscapes of California. Two methods, respectively, defined topography-controlled thermal south as corresponding to (1) the maximum NDVI contrast between opposite topographic aspects...