Philanthropy aimed at helping medical research has been around for a long time. In the 19th century, cash awards were distributed by the French Academy of Medicine according to criteria determined by each generous donor. It was thus that Mrs. Bernard de Civrieux endowed the Academy each year with the task of supporting one or more laureates whose work furthered understanding of "nervous disease...

This article explores the origins of an old brass monocular microscope in the Central Laboratory in Khartoum, which used to be the Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratory in Khartoum (1903-1934). Examination of the microscope and review of published literature gave clues to the historical background of this microscope. Identical microscopes were first manufactured by R and J Beck in 1898, and con...

TEis problem has been of only moderate interest to research workers, and publications and monographs on the subject have been sporadic, though a few well-known names must be cited here (Leber, 1865a, b, 1872, 1903; Magitot, 1908, 1947; Behr, 1935; Wolff, 1939, 1940, 1948). The findings being very diverse, it seemed appropriate to try to find experimentally the normal vascular anatomy of the opt...

Balssaxius habereri (Balss, 1903) has been newly reported in Korean waters. This species was previously known from the Pacific coast of northern Japan, Korea Strait, Yellow Sea, and Japanese coast of the East Sea. Specimens were collected from western Jeju Island using otter trawls at depths of 65–85 m. Regarding Korean axiid shrimps, a single species, Boasaxius princeps (Boas, 1880), previousl...

Suppose that R (red) and B (blue) are two graphs on the same vertex set of size n, H is some graph with a red-blue coloring its edges. How large can be if R∪B does not contain copy H? Call largest such integer mex(n,H). This problem was introduced by Diwan Mubayi, who conjectured (except for few specific exceptions) when complete k+1 vertices any edges mex(n,H)=ex(n,Kk+1). conjecture generalize...

Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 12, No. 3, March 2006 531 8. Chaudhry R, Mahajan RW, Diwan A, Khan S, Singhal R, Chaudel DS, et al. Unusual presentation of enteric fever: three cases of splenic and liver abscesses due to Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A. Trop Gastroenterol. 2003;24:198–9. 9. Tasar M, Ugurel MS, Kocaoglu M, Saglam M, Somuncu I. Computed tomograph...

Introduction Scientific disciplines recognize that pregnancy not only refers to the biological dimension. It also constitutes a social category, since sociocultural matrices have implications on what is conceived as state of gestation (Noguera & Rodríguez, 2008). In this sense, cultures develop protocols guide actions pregnant women and their loved ones regarding self-care during in order c...

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map). To study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility, the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene, selected based on its potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections, was analyzed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and their potential association wi...